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Massage Review > Chapter 3-8 Test > Flashcards

Chapter 3-8 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Physiology

A

the study of the functions of the body

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2
Q

Histology

A

the study of tissue

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3
Q

Logical order for learning anatomy

A

learn the chemistry of the body - the body’s cellular structure - the major systems of the body

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4
Q

The basic unit of life is …

A

the cell

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5
Q

A collection of tissues having a specific function is …

A

an organ

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6
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides the body into left and right sections

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7
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides the body into upper and lower sections (also called Horizontal plane)

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8
Q

Coronal Plane

A

Divides the body into anterior and posterior positions (also called frontal plane)

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9
Q

A marked increase in symptoms or severity of disease

A

Exacerbation

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10
Q

ad-

A

toward

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11
Q

chondro-

A

cartilage

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12
Q

ergo-

A

work

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13
Q

eryth-

A

red

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14
Q

myo-

A

muscle

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15
Q

viscero-

A

organ

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16
Q

-algia

A

pain

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17
Q

Trace elements

A

Aluminum, boron, chromium, cobalt, copper, fluorine, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, silicon, tin, vanadium, and zinc

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18
Q

electrolytes

A

substances that can break apart into two or more ions when placed in water

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19
Q

main electrolytes in human body

A

calcium, chloride, iodine, magnesium, potassium, bicarbonate, and sodium

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20
Q

pH scale

A

0-14: 0-7 Acid and 7-14 Base

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21
Q

pH in in a body in a perfect state of balance

A

7.35 - 7.45

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22
Q

Free radicals

A

reactive molecules the body produces as a result of metabolic processes or disease.

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23
Q

Anatomy

A

the study of the structure of the body

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24
Q

DNA

A

(deoxyribonucleic acid) the genetic instructions that pass from generation to generation

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25
Q

of chromosomes in the human genome

A

23 pairs

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26
Q

RNA

A

(ribonucleic acid) nucleic acid found in all living cells that aids in transfer of information from the DNA to the protein-forming system of the cell

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27
Q

Cell definition

A

the smallest, membrane-enclosed compartment that can sustain life independent of other entities

28
Q

Chromosome definition

A

the thread-like structure found in the nucleus of a cell that contains DNA and proteins. Chromosomes come in pairs, and a normal human cell contains 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

29
Q

DNA definition

A

a molecule of the cell where genetic information is encoded

30
Q

Organelle definition

A

a specialized structure within cells that performs a specific function

31
Q

Osmosis definition

A

the movement of solvent through a semipermeable membrane

32
Q

Ribosome definition

A

a cellular organelle; a component of RNA involved in synthesizing proteins

33
Q

Epidermis

A

the thin outer layer of the skin

34
Q

dermis

A

deeper and thicker mid layer of skin composed of 3 types of connective tissue

35
Q

hypodermis

A

also called subcutaneous - deepest layer of skin containing adipose (fat) tissue and larger blood vessels that supply the skin

36
Q

Dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin

37
Q

Bulla

A

large blister filled with serous fluid, as in dermatitis or second-degree burns

38
Q

immovable joints

A

synarthrotic joints like in the skull

39
Q

joints with limited movement

A

amphiarthrotic or cartilaginous joints like the pubic bones and the sacroiliac

40
Q

Freely movable joints

A

Diarthrotic joints or synovial joints like the hips or fingers

41
Q

ball and socket joints

A

one surface spherical and the other cup-shaped allowing movement in all directions like hip and shoulder

42
Q

hinge joint

A

one surface convex and the other concave allowing them to fit together like a clasp as the elbow and knee

43
Q

Ellipsoid joints

A

an oval bone projection that fits into a rough elliptical cavity of another bone making movement on two planes possible as the atlas-occipital where the head attaches to the body

44
Q

Foramen

A

an opening for nerves or other tissue to pass through, such as the vertebral foramen

45
Q

Fossa

A

a cavity or slight depression, such as the temporal fossa on the skull

46
Q

groove

A

a furrow or channel, such as the laminar groove

47
Q

meatus

A

a natural passage or canal, such as the external auditory meatus

48
Q

Sinus

A

a cavity within an organ or area, such as the nasal sinus

49
Q

Kyphosis

A

a posterior curvature of the thoracic spine, also called hunchback

50
Q

Lordoscoliosis

A

a combination of a posterior curvature of the lumbar area and a lateral curvature

51
Q

Lordosis

A

an anterior curvature of the lumbar area of the spine, also called swayback

52
Q

scoliosis

A

a lateral curvature of the spine

53
Q

Distal

A

away from the center of the body or from the point of attachment

54
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to the center of the body or point of attachment

55
Q

Order for body organization

A

atom - molecule - organelle - cells - tissue - organs - systems - body

56
Q

3 types of tissue

A

connective tissue - muscle tissue - epithelial tissue

57
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the skull

58
Q

dorsal

A

the back or posterior side

59
Q

stoma

A

opening to the outside of the body (ex. colostomy bag)

60
Q

diaphragm

A

main muscle for respiration that expands the thoracic cavity for the lungs during inspiration

61
Q

adipose tissue

A

loose connective tissue known as fat

62
Q

tinea

A

fungal infection - ringworm

63
Q

Orthotic

A

custom made insert fitted into shoes to support the foot and realign foot joints while standing, walking, or running

64
Q

Epicondylitis

A

Tennis elbow - irritation of the tissue connecting the forearm muscle to the elbow

65
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Supports the tongue - a horseshoee-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and thyroid cartilage at the base of the mandible

66
Q

sutures

A

Either stitches holding together the edges of a wound or surgical incision or seam-like immovable junction between two bones as in the skull bones

Massage Review (7 decks)

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