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Genetics > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

replicon

A

unit of replication

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2
Q

theta replication

A

replication of circular DNA that is initiated by the unwinding of the two nucleotide strands, producing a replication bubble

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3
Q

requirements of replication

A

a template strand, raw materials, enzymes

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4
Q

bidirectional replication

A

replication at both ends of a replication bubble

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5
Q

okazaki fragments

A

short length of newly synthesized DNA produced by discontinuous replication on the lagging strand

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6
Q

initiator protein

A

protein that binds to an origin of replication and causes a short section of DNA to unwind

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7
Q

DNA helicase

A

enzyme that unwinds double-stranded DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds that exist between the two nucleotide strands of a DNA molecule

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8
Q

single-strand-binding proteins

A

protein that attach tightly to the exposed single-stranded DNA during replication

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9
Q

DNA gyrase

A

topoisomerase enzyme in E. coli that relieves the torsional strain that builds up ahead of the replication fork

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10
Q

primase

A

enzyme that synthesizes a short stretch of RNA on a DNA template

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11
Q

primer

A

short stretch of RNA on a DNA template

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12
Q

DNA polymerase III

A

elongates a new nucleotide strand from the 3’-OH group provided by the primer

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13
Q

DNA polymerase I

A

removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA

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14
Q

DNA ligase

A

joins okazaki fragments by sealing breaks in the sugar-phosphate backbone of newly synthesized DNA

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15
Q

proofreading

A

process by which DNA polymerases remove and replace incorrectly paired nucleotides in the course of replication

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16
Q

mismatch repair

A

process that corrects mismatched nucleotides in DNA after replication has been completed

17
Q

replication licensing factors

A

protein that ensures that replication takes place only once at each origin of replication

18
Q

G-rich 3’

A

a guanine-rich sequence of nucleotides

19
Q

Telomerase

A

enzyme that replicates the telomeres of eukaryotic chromosomes

Genetics (12 decks)

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