Chapter 16

Question 1

Malignant

Answer 1

tumor consisting of cells that invade other tissues

Question 2

Metastasis

Answer 2

movement of cells that separate from malignant tumors to other sites, where they establish secondary tumors

Question 3

Sporadic Cancer

Answer 3

cancer caused by accumulation of a number of mutations in somatic cells

Question 4

Tumor Suppressor Gene

Answer 4

gene that normally inhibits cell division

Question 5

Oncogene

Answer 5

dominant-acting gene that stimulates cell division, leading to the formation of tumors and contributing to cancer

Question 6

Proto-oncogene

Answer 6

gene that initiate or maintain cell division; may become cancer genes by mutation

Question 7

Loss of Heterozygosity

Answer 7

inactivation or loss of the wild-type allele of a heterozygote

Question 8

Haploinsufficiency

Answer 8

appearance of mutant phenotype in an individual cell or organism that is heterozygous for a normally recessive trait

Question 9

Retinoblastoma Protein

Answer 9

controls G1-to-S transition of cell cycle by preventing cells from passing