Chapter 9

Question 1

Which of the following is a difference between H. erectus and the australopiths?

Answer 1

The cranial capacity of H. erectus was much larger.

Question 2

H. erectus is generally associated with which of the following technologies?

Answer 2

Acheulean

Question 3

European fossils and tools have contributed disproportionately to our knowledge and interpretation of anatomically modern H. sapiens. What explains this?

Answer 3

the long history of Paleolithic archaeology in Europe relative to other regions in the world

Question 4

Which of the following fossil finds from South Africa’s Rising Star cave was announced in 2015?

Answer 4

hominin fossils, dubbed Homo naledi, that have a mix of primitive and modern features

Question 5

What group was found to have a pronounced brow ridge, stocky build, and massive nasal cavities, characteristics that were adaptations to cold weather?

Answer 5

Neandertals

Question 6

Which of the following cold-weather adaptations predates the appearance of Neandertals?

Answer 6

the use of fire

Question 7

What is the name of the rather sophisticated stone-tool tradition associated with Neandertals?

Answer 7

Mousterian

Question 8

Generations of scientists have debated whether the Neandertals were ancestral to modern Europeans. The current prevailing view, which denies that ancestry, proposes that

Answer 8

modern humans evolved in Africa and eventually colonized Europe, displacing the Neandertals there.

Question 9

Until the recent—and surprising—discovery of H. floresiensis, few scientists

Answer 9

imagined that a different human species had survived through 12,000 B.P., and possibly even later.

Question 10

One of the most surprising aspects of the recent discovery of H. floresiensis is the

Answer 10

evidence of sophisticated cultural abilities typically associated with anatomically modern humans, not with a hominin with a chimplike brain and extremities.

Question 11

Who were the Denisovans?

Answer 11

distant hominin cousins of AMH and the Neandertals

Question 12

Several different kinds of hominin lived in Africa before and after the advent of Homo

Answer 12

true

Question 13

The recent hominin fossil finds from Ileret, Kenya, negate the conventional view held since 1960 that H. habilis and H. erectus evolved one after the other. Instead, they lived side by side in eastern Africa for perhaps half a million years.

Answer 13

true

Question 14

With the movement of H. erectus out of Africa, H. erectus eventually colonized Europe and Asia.

Answer 14

true

Question 15

In addition to their stocky bodies, adapted to conserve heat, Neandertals made clothes, developed elaborate tools, and hunted reindeer, mammoths, and woolly rhinos in order to adapt to the cold climate in Europe during the Würm glaciation.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

In the Multiregional Evolution theory,

Answer 16

H. erectus evolved into H. sapiens in all regions inhabited by humans.

Question 17

The idea that anatomically modern humans (AMHs) evolved from an archaic H. sapiens ancestor in Africa, and then spread to other areas (including western Europe), where they replaced or interbred with (i.e., assimilated), Neanderthals is known as

Answer 17

the Replacement theory of evolution.

Question 18

Homo erectus probably would not have looked that far different from the modern Nilotic people of Africa.

Answer 18

true

Question 19

The major advances of continental ice sheets in Europe and North America during the second million years of the Pleistocene are known as

Answer 19

glacials

Question 20

The last major glacial period is known as

Answer 20

the Würm.