Chapter 12 Flashcards
When did pottery become widespread in the Middle East?
7000 B.P.
What is the name of the cultural period during which the first chiefdoms and elites emerged in northern Syria?
Halafian
An egalitarian society
lacks status distinctions except those based on age, gender, and individual talents or achievements.
The foundations of the state—a social and political unit featuring a central government, extreme contrasts of wealth, and social classes—emerged
in the alluvial desert plain of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, where a new economy based on irrigation and trade fueled the growth of this entirely new form of society.
Cuneiform is the term for the early writing (which presumably developed to handle record keeping for a centralized economy) developed in what part of the world?
Mesopotamia
Metallurgy and the wider and rapid distribution of metals evident after 5000 B.P. would not have developed without the crucial discovery of
smelting
Like Mesopotamia and China, many early civilizations came to rely on metallurgy. Aside from metallurgy, a skill that set the early civilizations of Peru’s Andes apart was
their pottery techniques.
Which of the following best describes the role of hydraulic systems in state formation?
Some states were the by-products of the organizational requirements of large irrigation systems.
Which of the following played a key role in the formation of Mesoamerica’s earliest state, the Zapotec state?
conquest warfare
Early states lacked social classes.
false
In the Middle East, as subsistence economies became more specialized and more dependent on domesticated species, population centers began to emerge that had temples, writing, and canals for irrigating fields.
true
The earliest states emerged in Mesopotamia.
true
The Natufians were the first culture to develop a state in the Indus Valley.
false
Teotihuacán and Çatalhöyük are two of the earliest towns in the Middle East.
false
Jericho, the earliest known town, is located in central Turkey.
false
Which of the following attributes distinguishes states from chiefdoms?
sharp class distinctions
Ranked societies have hereditary inequality, but they lack stratification.
true
China’s first state, the Shang dynasty, had bronze metallurgy and writing.
true
The major cities Harappa and Mohenjo Daro, exhibited urban planning with carefully laid out wastewater systems and residential sectors. Where were these cities located?
Indus River Valley
The first writing presumably developed to handle record keeping for a centralized economy. Where did this first happen?
southern Mesopotamia
