chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

what phrase do we use to say something is logically the same

A

logically equivalent

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2
Q

what are the tree ways stamens can be converted into their logical equivalence

A

obversion, conversion, and contraposition

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3
Q

give the two step method for obviating a statement

A

1) change the quality of the sentence 2) negate the predicate

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4
Q

how do you change the quality of a sentence

A

if the stamens is affirmative you make it negative and vise versa

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5
Q

how do you negate the predicate

A

place a not in front of the predicate

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6
Q

with which of the four categorical statements can obversion be used

A

all four

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7
Q

what happens to the predicate in “I” statements when they are obverted

A

you get a double negative

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8
Q

how double negatives happen

A

you have to negate a predicate which already has a not in it

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9
Q

what are the four ways you can handle the double negated predicate in an “I” statement

A

1) have two nots in a statement 2) make not before predicate “non” 3) make negative part of the word (im un in ir) 4) double

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10
Q

can you negate the predicate term large by changing it to small

A

no the negation to which the thing refers must not be large or small but somewhere in-between

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11
Q

when an “I” statement has been obverted how many negations are contained in the predicate before applying the rule of double negation

A

tree

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12
Q

when the o statement has been obverted and the rule of double negation applied, to what is the stamens similar

A

the one you started with

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13
Q

how do you convert a statement

A

you interchange the subject and the predicate

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14
Q

which of the categorical statements can be converted

A

E and I

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15
Q

is there a way the a stamens can be converted if so how

A

Be partially converted to I statement. Partial converstion of A statement is done by changing subject & predicate; changing universal to particular.

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16
Q

give the three step method for contraposing a statement

A

obvert statement, convert it, and obvert it again

17
Q

which of the four categorical stamens can be contraposed

A

A and O