chapter 4 Flashcards
What is the definition of ‘judgment’?
The act by which the intellect unites by affirming or separates by denying.
What does a judgment unite (or separate)?
Two concepts
In the sentence “Man is an animal,” what two things are we uniting by affirming?
The two concepts man and animal
In the sentence “Man is not God,” what two things are we separating by denying?
The two concepts man and God.
In any proposition, what are the two concepts which we unite by affirming or separate by denying?
The subject and the predicate.
Explain what a subject is as we use it in judgment.
It’s the concept about which we are affirming or denying something.
Explain what a predicate is as we use it in judgment.
It’s what we’re affirming or deying about the subject.
What is the subject and the predicate in the judgment expressed by the proposition “Man is an animal”?
Man is the subject; animal is the predicate.
What is the subject and predicate in the judgment expressed by the proposition “Man is not God”?
Man is the subject; God is the predicate.
What are we affirming about the subject in the proposition “Man is an animal”?
That man is an animal (biologically).
What are we denying about the subject in the proposition “Man is not God”?
That man is not God.
What is the proper definition of ‘proposition’?
A sentence that expresses truth or falsity.
What kind of sentences are not propositions?
Questions, commands, exlamations, and greetings.
What are the three elements of any proposition?
The subject, the predicate, and the copula.
Explain what the subject-term is.
The verbal expression of the subject of a judgment.
Explain what the predicate-term is.
The verbal expression of the predicate of a judgment.
Explain what the copula is.
A form of the “to be” verb (e.g., is, are, etc.) that connects the subject and the predicate.
How many words must the subject-term have?
A subject-term can be made up of many words.
How many words must the predicate-term have?
A predicate-term can be made up of many words.
How do you determine whether a proposition is in logical form?
If the subject, predicate, and copula are easily distinguishable.
What is the best way to change a sentence that is not in logical form into one that is in logical form?
By reworking the predicate-copula portion of the sentence to make it more explicit.
