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Health and Human Development > Chapter 9/10 revision > Flashcards

Chapter 9/10 revision Flashcards

1
Q

Sustainability definition

A

Sustainability refers to meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability to meet the needs of future generations.

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2
Q

Dimensions of sustainability

A

Social sustainability
Environmental sustainability
Economic sustainability

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3
Q

Social sustainability definition

A

Refers to creating an equitable society that meets the needs of all citizens and can be maintained indefinitely

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4
Q

How is social sustainability ensured?

A 
Access to safe and decent working conditions
Peace and security
Political and legal systems
Education and healthcare systems
Elimination of poverty
Gender equality
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5
Q

How does social sustainability promote physical health and wellbeing?

A

Social sustainability allows for higher education levels in individuals, allowing for a better understanding of health promotion messages, ability to earn a higher income etc. This therefore allows a person to access health promoting resources like nutritious food, shelter etc. allowing for the efficient functioning of the body and its systems and decreasing incidence of injury.
Social sustainability ensures for well developed legal/political systems, which lowers the levels of corruption. This therefore reduces conflict and violence reduces incidence of injury and premature death.

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6
Q

How does social sustainability promote mental health and wellbeing?

A

Social sustainability allows for healthcare systems to function effectively, so a country is able to implement a public health care system. This reduces stress and anxiety of low SES peoples as they can access healthcare services regardless of their ability to pay.
Social sustainability ensures workers have access to safe and decent working conditions, which reduces levels of stress and anxiety from the potential of being hurt at work.

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7
Q

How does social sustainability promote social health and wellbeing?

A

Social sustainability allows for higher levels of gender equality, which means females are viewed as valued member of the community. This increases their participation in the community and therefore allows them to develop meaningful relationships.

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8
Q

How does social sustainability promote emotional health and wellbeing?

A

Social sustainability helps increase levels of peace and security, so citizens feel safe in their community. This can generate feelings of happiness and pride to be a member of society, meaning people express their emotions more positively, enhancing emotional H+W.

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9
Q

How does social sustainability promote spiritual health and wellbeing?

A

Social sustainability ensures for well developed legal/political systems, which enables citizens to have their voices heard, increasing feelings of belonging to the community.

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10
Q

Environmental sustainability definition

A

Environmental sustainability refers to ensuring that the natural environment is used in a way that will preserve resources into the future.

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11
Q

How is environmental sustainability ensured?

A 
Biodiversity
Use of natural resources
Waste management
Pollution control
Climate change
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12
Q

How does environmental sustainability promote physical health and wellbeing?

A

Environmental sustainability minimises the impact of climate change, which will allow for rain patterns to be stabilised, reducing risk of a natural disaster. That reduces the risk of injury and premature death and allows for efficient growing of crops, providing people with nutritious food that can support the functioning of the body and its systems. This therefore enhances physical H+W.
By minimising impact of climate change, communicable disease rates will decrease, meaning less people are sick from them, promoting better physical health and wellbeing

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13
Q

How does environmental sustainability promote mental health and wellbeing?

A

Environmental sustainability minimises the impact of climate change prevents sea levels from continuing to rise, reducing risk of people being displaced in low-lying areas. This reduces levels of stress and anxiety and therefore enhances mental health and wellbeing.

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14
Q

How does environmental sustainability promote social health and wellbeing?

A

Environmental sustainability promotes use of natural resources, such as sustainable fuels, which means transport can be available for future generations, allowing for them to see friends and build meaningful relationship in social settings, enhancing social H+W.

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15
Q

How does environmental sustainability promote spiritual health and wellbeing?

A

Environmental sustainability means there is effective waste management and pollution control. This therefore protects natural environments, which some cultures values, increasing a sense of belonging.

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16
Q

Economic sustainability definition

A

Economic sustainability refers to ensuring that average incomes in all countries are adequate to sustain a decent standard of living and continue to rise with inflation and living costs in the future.

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17
Q

Factors that ensure economic sustainability

A

Trade
Job creation
Innovation and diverse industries
Economic growth

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18
Q

How does economic sustainability promote physical health and wellbeing?

A

Economic sustainability allows for job creation where a person can earn an income. This income allows them to access health promotion resources such as nutritious food and healthcare services, reducing incidence of ill health and enhancing physical H+W.

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19
Q

How does economic sustainability promote mental health and wellbeing?

A

Economic sustainability allows for job creation where a person can earn an income and therefore support themselves, reducing levels of stress and anxiety.

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20
Q

How does economic sustainability promote social health and wellbeing?

A

Economic sustainability allows for job creation, a place where someone can develop meaningful relationships with their workmates, enhancing social health and wellbeing.

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21
Q

How does economic sustainability promote emotional health and wellbeing?

A

Economic sustainability allows for a wider range of industries for employment, where a person can experience more job satisfaction as they have a greater opportunity to work in an industry they enjoy. This can create feelings of happiness and allow a person to express emotions positively, enhancing emotional H+W.

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22
Q

How does economic sustainability promote spiritual health and wellbeing?

A

Economic sustainability allows for a wider range of industries for employment, meaning people have a wider choice of employment, meaning they can do something they actually want, increasing feelings of belonging and connectedness to their work.

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23
Q

Why could failing to consider the interrelationships of the dimensions of sustainability be bad, using an example?

A

Failure to consider the interrelationships means forgetting about one sustainability area will affect the other. For example, if a country is oil mining and the oil reserves run out, not only is environmental sustainability impacted but so is economic sustainability as those oil mines were likely a major source of income for the people of the country. This can lead to worse incomes and a poorer quality of life, impacting social sustainability.

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24
Q

Why is environmental sustainability considered to be the largest dimension of sustainability?

A

Environmental sustainability is the largest dimension, because in the end, social sustainability and economic sustainability will always depend on the environment. Without access to natural resources, such as food, natural energy resources, safe environment etc. humans cannot survive and earn an income.

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25
Q

How does environmental sustainability interrelate with economic sustainability?

A

If the government has money from continued GNI growth, they can then have funding to provide renewable energy.
Natural resources such as crops provide opportunities for employment where people can earn an income, like in the agricultural industry.

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26
Q

How does environmental sustainability interrelate with social sustainability?

A

Social sustainability allows for peace to occur, so there is less waste, destruction and pollution caused by war that would affect the environment.

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27
Q

How does economic sustainability interrelate with social sustainability?

A

If government has money from continued GNI growth, they can fund social security services to assist those in financial need, reducing levels of poverty.
High levels of gender equality allow for more people to earn an income regardless of gender, leading to greater economic growth as the country is being more productive.

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28
Q

Human development definition

A

Human development is about creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive, creative lives according to their needs and interests. It includes expanding people’s choices and enhancing capabilities, having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living and allowing individuals to participate in the life of the community and decisions that affect their lives.

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29
Q

What is the Human Development Index (HDI)

A

The HDI is a tool developed by the United Nations to measure and rank countries’ levels of social and economic development.

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30
Q

What are the 3 dimensions of HDI?

A

A long and healthy life
Knowledge
A decent standard of living

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31
Q

What are the 4 indicators of the HDI and what dimension do they relate to?

A

Life expectancy at birth (long, healthy life)
Mean years of schooling (knowledge)
Expected years of schooling (knowledge)
GNI per capita (decent standard of living)

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32
Q

Advantages of the HDI

A

Provides a more comprehensive representation of human development levels experienced
Easier to compare countries
Easier to track and analyse progress made by countries
Promotes improvements in relation to HD

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33
Q

Limitations of the HDI

A

Only reflects selected aspects of human development
It is based on averages so no indication of inequalities that may exist
Relies on data collected in hundreds of countries which may compromise accuracy
People’s feelings about their lives are not reflected

34
Q

What is climate change?

A

Refers to the increase in the earth’s average surface temperature, caused mostly by human activities such as burning fossil fuels.

35
Q

Climate change has contributed to what?

A

Rising sea levels

Changing weather patterns and an increase in extreme weather events

36
Q

How does rising sea levels impact physical health and wellbeing?

A

Rising sea levels contributes to an increased risk of flooding, which increases incidence of injury, negatively impacting physical health and wellbeing.

37
Q

How does rising seas levels impact mental health and wellbeing?

A

Rising sea levels can contribute to a lack of fresh water being available, as salt water can contaminate water or flooding can destroy access to fresh water. This lack of availability can contribute to an increase in stress and anxiety levels.

38
Q

How does rising seas levels impact social health and wellbeing?

A

Increasing sea levels can force a person to flee their homes and communities to be safe, thus leaving behind meaningful relationships and affecting their ability to participate in the community moving forward.

39
Q

How does rising seas levels impact emotional health and wellbeing?

A

Increasing sea levels can cause flooding which could lead to a person’s house being damaged or lost. This can be a very upsetting experience and cause a person to express their emotions in a more negative manner.

40
Q

How does rising seas levels impact spiritual health and wellbeing?

A

Increasing sea levels can force a person to leave their community for safety and this could cause them to lose their sense of belonging.

41
Q

Changing weather patterns/extreme weather events impact

A

Less access to fresh water
Less food and increased hunger
Increased homelessness
More infectious diseases

42
Q

How does changing weather patterns/extreme weather events impact physical health and wellbeing?

A

Changing weather patterns to the earth becoming warmer allows for communicable diseases to spread more easily such as malaria. This increases morbidity rates and increases incidence of disease, negatively impacting physical h+w.
Extreme weather events such as droughts and flooding can destroy crops and therefore create a lack of food, meaning people are not getting the nutrients they need for effective functioning of the body and its systems.

43
Q

How does changing weather patterns/extreme weather events impact mental health and wellbeing?

A

Extreme weather events such as droughts and flooding can destroy crops and therefore create a lack of food, which can increase stress and anxiety levels for a population.

44
Q

How does changing weather patterns/extreme weather events impact social health and wellbeing?

A

Extreme weather events can prevent a person from seeing their friends, impacting ability to form and continue meaningful relationships, negatively impacting social H+W.

45
Q

How does changing weather patterns/extreme weather events impact emotional health and wellbeing?

A

Some extreme weather events can cause a person to lose their home and therefore force them into homelessness. This can be an upsetting experience for someone, making them more likely to express their emotions in a negative manner.

46
Q

How does changing weather patterns/extreme weather events impact spiritual health and wellbeing?

A

Some extreme weather events can cause a person to lose their home and therefore force them into homelessness. Their home may be a place they connect with so losing it can reduce feelings of belonging.

47
Q

Conflict definition

A

Conflict refers to a disagreement that ends in violence based on armed conflict.

48
Q

Mass migration definition

A

Mass migration refers to when large populations move from one geographical location to another, normally due to conflict or natural disasters.

49
Q

What is a refugee?

A

A refugee is a person who has fled their country due to safety concerns

50
Q

What is an asylum seeker?

A

a person who has fled their country and applied to live in another one.

51
Q

What is a internally displaced person?

A

Refers to a person who has fled their community but remains in the country.

52
Q

How does conflict affect physical health and wellbeing?

A

Conflict increases the risk of injury, premature death and communicable disease due to violence and therefore negatively impacts physical health and wellbeing, as more people are not free of disease/disability.

53
Q

How does conflict affect mental health and wellbeing?

A

Conflict increases stress and anxiety as people are in fear of being hurt, negatively impacting mental health and wellbeing.

54
Q

How does conflict affect social health and wellbeing?

A

Conflict can force people to not leave their homes or flee where they live, meaning they lose social connections and people they share meaningful relationships with, therefore negatively impacting social H+W.

55
Q

How does conflict affect emotional health and wellbeing?

A

Conflict makes people upset as they are unable to live safely and can cause them to express emotions in a more negative manner.

56
Q

How does conflict affect spiritual health and wellbeing?

A

Conflict can make someone lose their sense of belonging as their country is unsafe, making it harder to connect to their community.

57
Q

How does mass migration affect physical health and wellbeing?

A

Mass migraters often lack resources to live in optimal health such as money, food, safe water and sanitation etc. This means injuries and diseases are likely to be left untreated and increase morbidity and mortality rates, negatively impacting physical health and wellbeing.

58
Q

How does mass migration affect mental health and wellbeing?

A

Mass migration leads to an uncertain future and the journey is often dangerous, so this can increase levels of stress and anxiety.

59
Q

How does mass migration affect social health and wellbeing?

A

People who flee in mass migration often leave behind friends and family. This loss of meaningful relationships negatively impacts a persons social health and wellbeing.

60
Q

How does mass migration affect emotional health and wellbeing?

A

Mass migration means people are leaving a lot of things behind that they value and will often experience situations which are distressing, so this can make it difficult for them to express their emotions in a positive manner.

61
Q

How does mass migration affect spiritual health and wellbeing?

A

Those who are in mass migration often believe behind their homes and jobs to go somewhere else. These places (home, occupation) are often places where a sense of belonging is felt so leaving that behind reduces that feeling and makes an individual feel less connected.

62
Q

World trade definition

A

World trade refers to the exchange of goods and services between countries

63
Q

Advantages of world trade

A
  • Fosters economic growth
  • Reduces poverty
  • Creates jobs for local workers
  • Promotes gender equality
64
Q

Disadvantages of world trade

A

World trade:

  • Few OH+S laws exist in lower income countries which can lead to child labour and dangerous work conditions.
  • Pollution from incorrect disposal of waste.
65
Q

Advantages of tourism

A
  • Fosters economic growth
  • Provides jobs for local workers
  • Allows for improvements in infrastructure
66
Q

Disadvantages of tourism

A
  • Can negatively effect environment
  • Places stress on local ecosystems
  • High levels of waste
  • Increase spread of diseases between international borders
67
Q

How does world trade impact physical health and wellbeing?

A

In low-income countries there may be a lack of OH+S laws to protect workers which can mean dangerous work conditions exist. This increases the risk of an injury or premature death occurring.

68
Q

How does world trade impact mental health and wellbeing?

A

World trade allows for more jobs to be created in different industries, increasing a female’s ability to work and get a job. This allows them to earn an income and support themselves reducing levels of stress and anxiety.

69
Q

How does world trade impact social health and wellbeing?

A

World trade can create employment opportunities for local workers, a place where they can socialise and build meaningful relationships, enhancing social H+W.

70
Q

How does world trade impact emotional health and wellbeing?

A

World trade allows a low-income country to grow their economy meaning they can provide higher incomes to their citizens. This income allows for a reduction in poverty, and citizens will be able to access adequate housing etc. This would make citizens happier, so they’d express emotions in a more positive manner, enhancing emotional health and wellbeing.

71
Q

How does world trade impact spiritual health and wellbeing?

A

World trade can contribute to higher levels of pollution if waste is not disposed of correctly which can negatively impact the natural environment. The natural environment is a place of value and connection in many cultures, so losing this to pollution can reduce a sense of belonging.

72
Q

How does tourism impact physical health and wellbeing?

A

Tourism can negatively impact physical health and wellbeing as it increases the spread of disease between borders, which can increase rates of morbidity in countries.
Tourism allows for improvement in infrastructure to support people coming from overseas, meaning there are more places like hospitals, health clinics, safe roads etc. that promote optimal physical health and wellbeing as they decrease the risk of disease and injury and premature death.

73
Q

How does tourism impact mental health and wellbeing?

A

Tourism increases employment opportunities for locals, allowing for more people to work and therefore earn an income to support themselves. This can decrease levels of stress and anxiety.

74
Q

How does tourism impact social health and wellbeing?

A

Tourism provides more employment opportunities for locals, where people can develop meaningful relationships with workmates, enhancing social H+W.

75
Q

How does tourism impact emotional health and wellbeing?

A

Tourism promotes local culture which can make a person feel proud of where they live so they express their emotions more positively.

76
Q

How does tourism impact spiritual health and wellbeing?

A

Tourism can contribute to higher levels of pollution if waste is not disposed of correctly which can negatively impact the natural environment. The natural environment is a place of value and connection in many cultures, so losing this to pollution can reduce a sense of belonging.

77
Q

How does digital technology impact physical health and wellbeing?

A

Reduces barriers to healthcare so individuals are better able to access treatment/healthcare services to reduce incidence of ill-health.

78
Q

How does digital technology impact mental health and wellbeing?

A

Digital technology can provide warning alerts to people who may be affected by natural disasters, which allows people to know what’s happening and therefore reduce stress and anxiety levels.

79
Q

How does digital technology impact social health and wellbeing?

A

Digital technology allows people to connect with others and help each other out when facing problems virtually, enhancing social health and wellbeing.

80
Q

How does digital technology impact emotional health and wellbeing?

A

Sharing info via digital technology can create feelings of empowerment over a person’s own health, allowing them to express emotions more positively about their health, which enhances emotional H+W.

81
Q

How does digital technology impact spiritual health and wellbeing?

A

Digital tech can empower individuals to manage their own health information, which can provide a greater sense of connection to self, enhancing spiritual H+W.

82
Q

Challenges of digital technology

A

Access to everyone
Privacy/safety
Education (understanding of info provided)
Reliability

Health and Human Development (4 decks)

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