Chapter 11, 12, 13 revision Flashcards
What is the WHO’s vision?
The WHO’s vision is a world in which all people achieve the highest possible standard of health and wellbeing. Its mission is to promote health, keep the world safe and serve the vulnerable.
Work of the WHO
- Provide leadership and create partnerships to promote health and wellbeing
- Conduct research and provide health and wellbeing information
- Sets norms and standards and promote and monitor their implementation
- Develop policies to help countries take action to promote health and wellbeing
- Provide technical support and help build sustainable health systems
- Monitor health and wellbeing and assess health and wellbeing trends
3 principles of the WHO
- The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political beliefs, economic or social condition.
- The health of all peoples is fundamental to the attainment of peace and security and is dependent on the fullest cooperating of individuals and States.
- Unequal development in different countries in the promotion of health and control of diseases, especially communicable diseases is a common danger.
Priorities of the WHO
Achieving universal health coverage
Addressing health emergencies
Promoting healthier populations
Achieving universal health coverage explanation
The WHO is aiming to get 1 billion more people health coverage which gives people access to health resources without fear of financial hardship.
Addressing health emergencies explanation
The WHO aims to protect 1 billion more people from health emergencies such as epidemics
Promoting healthier populations explanation
The WHO aims to help 1 billion more people enjoy better health and wellbeing.
3 objectives of the SDG’s
End extreme poverty
Fight inequality and injustice
Address climate change
3 rationale behind introduction of SDG’s
- New targets/goals were needed as the former development goals, the MDG’s, finished in 2015.
- There was uneven progress across all regions and countries, which created even worse situations for the poorest and most vulnerable and better progress for the rich. This showcased that inequality and injustice was still an issue and more work needed to be done.
- New global challenges needed to be considered, including impact of extremism, climate change and global warming, financial instability of some nations etc. These challenges have potential to undermine the progress of the MDG’s and therefore more goals are needed to prevent bad things happening.
5 areas of importance for SDG’s
People Planet Partnership Peace Prosperity
What do SDG’s aim to do with people?
People
Aims to end poverty and hunger, in all their forms and dimensions and ensure that all human beings can fulfill their potential with dignity and equality and in a healthy environment
What do SDG’s aim to do with the planet?
Aims to protect the planet degradation through sustainable consumption and production, management of natural resources and acting on climate change to support the needs of present and future generations
What do SDG’s aim to do with partnerships?
Aims to implement the SDGs with a global partnership for sustainable development, focused on the needs of the poorest and most vulnerable.
What do SDG’s aim to do with peace?
Aims to foster peaceful, just and inclusive societies that are free from fear and violence. There can be no sustainable development without peace and no peace without sustainable development
What do SDG’s aim to do with prosperity?
Aims to ensure that all people can enjoy a successful and fulfilling life and that economic, social and technological progress occurs in harmony with nature.
SDG’s to remember
SDG 1 - No poverty SDG 2 - Zero hunger SDG 3 - Good health and wellbeing SDG 4 - Quality education SDG 5 - Gender equality SDG 6 - Clean water and sanitation SDG 13 - Climate action
SDG 3 - Good health and wellbeing description
SDG 3 – Good health and wellbeing ensures healthy lives and promotes wellbeing for all at all ages. It aims to promote physical and mental health and wellbeing, and extend life expectancy by addressing the major causes of morbidity and mortality in high, middle and low income countries.
Why is SDG 3 important?
SDG 3 is important as it is needed to promote health globally. It does so through expanding health and wellbeing services so all people have access to healthcare when they need it at a cost that does not cause financial hardship, ensuring there is adequate and well-trained work force in place in every country, ensuring there is adequate access to essential medicines, vaccines, reproductive healthcare services etc. These all contribute to achieving the SDG 3’s goals and in turn, significantly impacts the development of earth.
Key features of SDG 3
Maternal and child health and wellbeing
Communicable diseases
Non-communicable diseases
SDG 3 - Maternal and child health and wellbeing goals
Reduce maternal mortality
End preventable newborn and child deaths
SDG 3 - Communicable disease goals
Reduce AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, neglected tropical diseases and hepatitis
SDG 3 - Non communicable disease goals
Reduce mortality from non communicable diseases
Focus on mental health and wellbeing
Reduce burden of disease associated with drug and alcohol use
Reduce burden of disease with road traffic accidents
Reduce mortality and morbidity from hazardous chemicals, air, water and soil pollution
How does SDG 3 promote health and wellbeing?
Physical health and wellbeing - With reduced risk of water borne and communicable diseases, there is an absence of disease and illness which improves immune systems and allows the body to function effectively.
Mental health and wellbeing - Achieving universal health coverage will reduce stress and anxiety associated with worrying about paying for essential health services.
Social health and wellbeing - With reduced rates of infant and child mortality and disease, children are in better health to be able to attend school and develop social networks and participate in their communities.
Spiritual health and wellbeing - With reduced rates of illness such as malaria, people are able to participate more freely in everyday activities such as work and school and therefore have an increased sense of belonging. Greater levels of health allow individuals and communities to be more productive and prosperous and overall experience a greater purpose in life.
How does SDG 3 promote human development?
- Working to reduce the stigma around mental health conditions and HIV/Aids allows sufferers to participate fully in their community.
- Reducing rates of infant and under 5 mortality and allows children to grow up and have the opportunity to reach their full potential.
- Achieving universal health coverage will mean people can access the health services they need without spending large amounts of money, allowing them to live a decent standard of living. Increasing access to reproductive health services allows women to exercise personal choice around their bodies and pregnancy.
- Implementation of public health promotion campaigns around water borne and communicable diseases will increase the knowledge of communities.
SDG 1 - No poverty description
SDG 1 seeks to removed poverty and inequality within and among nations. Its aim is to end poverty in all forms by 2030 and includes eradicating extreme poverty, reducing the proportion of people living in poverty by half, implementing social protection systems, ensuring equal rights and access to essential resources and services.
Why is SDG 1 important?
This goal is important because there were still 836 million people living in extreme poverty in 2015, so that needs to be lowered.
How does SDG 1 interrelate with SDG 3?
Poverty is a major causer of ill-health and ill-health is a major causer of poverty. Those living in poverty are at an increased risk of developing/catching a communicable disease, such as HIV/AIDS, malaria etc. as they lack the resources to prevent it, such as adequate housing, sanitation and clean water. Those living in poverty also so don’t have much education, so they don’t know what to do to prevent the spread of these diseases, such as having safe sex, not overcrowding in houses etc.
People in poverty will often lack the resources to access hospitals and other healthcare services. This means women are more likely to give birth without a trained professional with them, increasing the risk of maternal mortality. This means that reducing poverty will therefore reduce rates of maternal mortality.
How does SDG 1 promote health and wellbeing?
Physical health and wellbeing – reducing levels of poverty decreases the risk of communicable disease being spread, therefore lowering the incidence of ill-health.
Social health and wellbeing – reducing levels of poverty allows for more girls to go to school and get an education, where they can build meaningful relationships with others, enhancing social health and wellbeing.
How does SDG 1 promote human development?
Eradicating poverty allows for more women and girls to get an education, expanding their choices for what they want to do in life and enhancing their capabilities.
Eradicating poverty can improve levels of equality for females, increasing their ability to participate in the decisions that affect their lives and life of the community.
SDG 2 - Zero hunger description
SDG 2 aims to end all forms of hunger and malnutrition, making sure all people, especially children and the vulnerable, have access to nutritious food all year round by promoting sustainable agriculture.
Why is SDG 2 important
This goal is important as over 150 million children experienced stunted growth due to malnutrition and 51 million experienced wasting as a result of a lack of food and nutrition, so that needs to change.
How does SDG 2 interrelate with SDG 3?
When there is no hunger, mothers will be able to access nutritious food, which can lead to reductions in U5MR, improving maternal and child health. With greater nutrition, children’s immune systems are likely to be stronger and therefore less likely to die from communicable diseases, such as malaria, hepatitis, measles and tuberculosis. Mothers who are well-nourished are also more likely to survive childbirth and give birth to a healthy baby, lowering rates of maternal mortality and neonatal mortality.
How does SDG 2 promote health and wellbeing?
Physical health and wellbeing – no hunger means people have access to nutritious food. This food provides the body the nutrients it needs to function effectively and therefore give a person adequate energy level and less susceptibility to disease, enhancing physical health and wellbeing. Access to nutritious for children also strengthens their immune system, making them less likely to die from a disease, reducing incidence of ill-health, enhancing physical H+W.
Mental health and wellbeing – increased access to food and safe water decreases levels of stress and anxiety.
How does SDG 2 promote human development?
Greater levels of food security means people don’t have to worry about finding their next meal and they can focus on more important things to enhance their capabilities and expand their knowledge, like getting an education, participating in the community etc.
SDG 4 - Quality education description
Goal 4 addresses the needs for girls and boys to have equal access to high quality education at all levels, from pre-primary through to tertiary and to develop the vocational skills needed for employment.
Why is SDG 4 important?
This goal is important as it addresses the need of girls and boys to have equal access to high quality education at all levels. In low and middle income countries, girls are less likely to be enrolled into schools due to factors such as water collection, sanitation, poverty, child labour and forced-marriage, so achieving this goal is important to improve the education levels of females worldwide.
How does SDG 4 interrelate with SDG 3?
Higher education levels can reduce rates of morbidity and mortality associated with communicable disease, as people will learn ways to prevent the spread of these illnesses, such as washing hands, safe sex etc.
Quality education improves a person’s health literacy, promoting them to participate in better health behaviours. This reduces the risk of developing a non-communicable disease.
How does SDG 4 promote health and wellbeing?
Physical health and wellbeing - Quality education improves a person’s health literacy, promoting them to participate in better health behaviours and preventative health measures. This reduces the risk of developing a non-communicable disease and reduces the spread of communicable diseases, reducing incidence of ill-health.
Social health and wellbeing – More girls attending school provides them a place where they can build meaningful relationships with classmates, enhancing social health and wellbeing.
Spiritual: education and employment can provide a sense of belonging and purpose
How does SDG 4 promote human development?
Educated children will have greater knowledge and therefore be able to expand their choices and enhance their capabilities.
Schooling allows for children to develop to their full potential
SDG 5 - Gender equality description
SDG 5 aims to end discrimination and violence against women and by addressing barriers that exist to gender equality. Gender equality is experienced when men and women have the same level of power and control over all their aspect of their lives.
Why is SDG 5 important?
The gender equality goal is important as it is a basic human right, yet many women face discrimination worldwide, such as in politics, education, and social life. 1 in 3 women worldwide have been subject to physical or sexual abuse so achieving this goal would be important to change that.
How does SDG 5 interrelate with SDG 3?
With higher levels of gender equality, girls are less likely to be forced into a marriage and pregnancy at a young age. This means they are more likely to have children when their body is fully developed and ready, so there are less complications, decreasing rates of maternal mortality
Higher levels of gender equality allows for more girls to attend school and get an education, where they can develop health literacy. This can decrease the spread of communicable diseases, such as HIV/AIDS as they have a better understanding of how to do so.
How does SDG 5 promote health and wellbeing?
Social health and wellbeing – If females experience higher levels of gender equality, they will be better able to participate in the community where they can build meaningful relationships etc. enhancing social H+W.
Physical health and wellbeing - Achieving gender equality means girls can access education and women can gain employment, helping them earn and income to afford things that are needed for daily life such as nutritious food, promoting physical health and wellbeing.
spiritual health and wellbeing - gender equality provides opportunities for women to participate in their society to vote and become leaders in the community enhancing sense of purpose and belonging
How does SDG 5 promote human development?
Gender equality allow females to get an education, providing access to knowledge and expanding their choices and enhancing their capabilities
Increasing gender equality allows for females to participate in the life of the community and make decisions that affect their lives.
SDG 6 - Clean water and sanitation description
SDG 6 is a goal that aims to ensure that all people are able to enjoy clean water and adequate sanitation. Clean water and sanitation is essential for the health and wellbeing of individuals and communities. It reduces pollution and the risk of communicable and non-communicable diseases
Why is SDG 6 important?
Achieving SDG6 is important as access to clean water and sanitation reduces the risk of communicable and non-communicable diseases, such as diarrhoea and can improve housing quality. 663 million people worldwide do not have access to clean water and sanitation, which negatively impacts their health and wellbeing, so achieving this goal to reduce that is important.
How does SDG 6 interrelate with SDG 3?
Access to clean water reduces the risk of development and spread of communicable water-borne diseases, such as diarrhoea. Better sanitation also means communicable diseases are less likely to be passed from one person to another as the environment is unlikely to transfer disease if it is sanitised.
Clean water and sanitation mean children are less likely to catch and die from a communicable disease such as water-borne diarrhoea. This contributes to better levels of children health and wellbeing and lower U5MR.
How does SDG 6 promote health and wellbeing?
Physical H+W - people have access to safe water, people will be able to bathe, clean their clothes and homes properly, this helps in reducing the risk of communicable diseases such as cholera. This furthermore leads to reducing the risk of children dying from these diseases caused from poor sanitation and unsafe water, promoting physical health and wellbeing.
Mental health and wellbeing – If people have access to clean water, they will experience lower levels of stress and anxiety as they will be less fearful of getting sick from drinking the water.
How does SDG 6 promote human development?
Improving access to clean water means girls don’t have to travel every day to collect it, allowing them to go to school where they can expand their choices and enhance their capabilities, as well as better enable them to participate in the life of the community
When people have access to safe water and sanitation it will reduce the risk of people contracting diseases due to poor sanitation meaning there are not ill and are able to attend school, and have access to knowledge, helping expand their choices and enhancing their capabilities. Leading to long healthy lives lived and experiencing a decent standard of living.
SDG 13 - climate action description
Climate Action is about taking urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. Climate change is the increase in temperature of the earth caused by human activities.
