Chapter 9, 10, 11

Question 1

What are the four types of pepper grains?

Answer 1

1. Black grains
2. Green grains
3. White grains
4. Red grains

Question 2

Describe black grains.

Answer 2

Immaturely harvested berries, brown –> black when drying

Question 3

Describe green grains.

Answer 3

Immature green berries conserved in brine solution

Question 4

Describe white grains.

Answer 4

Immature berries soaked in water, then fermented. Once the berries burst, peel them.

Question 5

Describe red grains.

Answer 5

They are dried berries.

Question 6

What are the four related pepper types?

Answer 6

1. Paprika
2. Jalapeño
3. Spanish peppers (chili)
4. Madame Jeanette

Question 7

Why is salt used?

Answer 7

To increase flavour intensely, or for conservation.

Question 8

What are three types of salt? Describe each.

Answer 8

1. Table salt: finely ground salt with anti-caking agent
2. Colour salt: adding nitrate: prevents raw meat turning brown
3. Sea salt: Grove crystals

Question 9

Name three natural sweeteners

Answer 9

1. Sugar
2. Honey
3. Stevia

Question 10

Name three artificial sweeteners

Answer 10

1. Aspartame
2. Sorbitol
3. Xylitol

Question 11

What is Tabasco?

Answer 11

A sauce based on vinegar, salt and red peppers

Question 12

What is soy sauce?

Answer 12

The natural fermentation of soy beans

Question 13

What is Sambal?

Answer 13

A sauce based on red peppers

Question 14

What is chili sauce?

Answer 14

A sauce based on peppers, water and sugar

Question 15

What is ketchup?

Answer 15

A sauce based on tomatoes, vinegar, sugar, salt, and flavourings.

Question 16

What is Oyster sauce?

Answer 16

It is reduced oyster bouillon

Question 17

What is wasabi?

Answer 17

From a wasabi plant

Question 18

Name 12 different types of spices.

Answer 18

1. Cinnamon
2. Cumin seeds
3. Mace
4. Nutmeg
5. Bay leaves
6. Clove
7. Ginger
8. Vanilla
9. Cardemon
10. Saffron
11. Star anise
12. Fennel seeds

Question 19

Name four differences between herbs and spices.

Answer 19

1. Herbs are always used fresh, and spices are always dried/fermented
2. Herbs are perishable, spices are good for months
3. Herbs should be kept moist, spices should be kept dry
4. Herbs can grow in the Netherlands, but spices are grown in subtropical climates.

Question 20

Name 7 herbs that are good for herbal oil

Answer 20

1. Rosemary
2. Sage
3. Basil
4. Thyme
5. Lemon balm
6. Oregano
7. Tarragon

Question 21

Name 14 fresh herbs.

Answer 21

1. Chives
2. Oregano
3. Parsley
4. Coriander
5. Basil
6. Marjoram
7. Thyme
8. Tarragon
9. Lovage
10. Dill
11. Chervil
12. Sage
13. Rosemary
14. Mint

Question 22

Name 10 edible flowers.

Answer 22

1. Rose
2. Lavender
3. Daisy
4. Borage
5. Violet
6. Jasmine
7. Elderberry
8. Orchid

Question 23

Name 5 poisonous flowers

Answer 23

1. Holly
2. Golden chain
3. Lesser celandine
4. Lily of the valley
5. Rhodondendron

Question 24

Name 6 herb flowers, and why they are used.

Answer 24

1. Basil (nice in salads)
2. Thyme (sweet flavour)
3. Sage (marmelade or ice)
4. Dill (sweet)
5. Chives (overwhelming flavour)
6. Courgette Flower (filled/deep fried)