Chapter 8.4 - Exam Review

Question 1

A condition in which a Pilot is unable to sense his attitude correctly with respect to the natural horizon, is known as (autokinesis/disorientation)?

Answer 1

Disorientation.

Question 2

On the ground, we sense our attitude with respect to the earth from 3 separate sources/senses. Name them?

Answer 2

• Weight.
• Vestibular Apparatus.
• Vision.

Question 3

Referring to the artificial horizon (or attitude indicator) tends to (worsen/counteract) any erroneous sensory sensation or illusions when the real horizon is obscured?

Answer 3

Counteract.

Question 4

The approach angle will be too (shallow/steep) if the terrain before the Runway slopes up towards the threshold?

Answer 4

Shallow.

Question 5

If the Runway is (narrower/wider) than the Pilot is used to, the illusion is that the Aircraft is too high and the tendency is to flare too late?

Answer 5

Narrower.

Question 6

If the Runway slopes down or the terrain before it slopes down towards the threshold, the Pilot thinks he or she is (higher/lower) than actual?

Answer 6

Lower.

Question 7

If the Runway is (narrower/wider) than the Pilot is used to, the illusion that the Aircraft is too low and the tendency is to flare too early.

Answer 7

Wider.

Question 8

If the Runway lights are bright and the night is clear, Pilots may perceive the threshold to be (further away/closer) than it really is?

Answer 8

Closer.

Question 9

Light rain which produces a scattering of light through a thin layer of water on the windscreen can cause Runway lights to appear to double in size. This can lead the Pilot into thinking he/she is (closer to/further away from) the Runway than actual?

Answer 9

Closer to.

Question 10

In conditions such as fog, smoke, dust, haze or snow where visibility is significantly reduced, Pilots can think they are (further away from/closer to) an Airport or Runway than they actually are?

Answer 10

Further away from.

Question 11

Sloping cloud banks and sloping terrain can give false horizontal clues since the perceived horizon may not be horizontal at all. For instance, if a Pilot uses the clouds (which often lie at a considerable angle to the earth’s surface) as a substitute for the natural horizon, what is likely to happen?

Answer 11

The Aircraft will fly one wing low.

Question 12

In the absence of other visual cues, if a Pilot fixes his or her stare for some time on a pin-point of light in a dark sky, the illusion is that either he/she or the light is moving. This illusion is called (flicker vertigo/autokinesis)?

Answer 12

Autokinesis.

Question 13

List three factors that may make a Pilot more susceptible to disorientation?

Answer 13

• Alcohol.
• Drugs that affect the equilibrium.
• Headaches.
• Fatigue.
• Stress.
• Sudden head movements

Question 14

How can disorientation best be avoided?

Answer 14

Trusting the instruments.

Question 15

The risk of disorientation is increased with sudden (head movements/control movements) during Aircraft attitude changes?

Answer 15

Head movements.