Chapter 8.2 - Exam Review Flashcards
What are the two main layers of the atmosphere?
- Troposphere.
- Stratosphere.
What is the name of the boundary between the main divisions of the atmosphere?
Tropopause.
In which division or layer of the atmosphere does most of the weather occur?
Troposphere.
In the standard atmosphere, what is the sea level temperature?
+15°C.
In the standard atmosphere, what is the sea level pressure?
1013 hPa.
What is the temperature lapse rate in the standard atmosphere and what is its other name (2)?
- 2°C per 1000ft.
- ISA Environmental Lapse Rate.
What is the pressure lapse rate below 10 000ft in the standard atmosphere?
30 feet per 1 hPa.
Define Radiation?
The method which heat is transferred through space by electromagnetic waves.
Define Conduction?
The method which heat is transferred through contact.
Define Convection?
The method which heat is transferred through vertical movement in the atmosphere.
Define Advection?
The method which heat is transferred through horizontal movement in the atmosphere.
Define Evaporation?
The process where water changes from liquid to gas.
Define Condensation?
The process where water changes from gas to liquid.
Define Freezing?
The process where water changes from liquid to gas.
Describe how surface air temperature is measured?
Measured using thermometers placed in a box, suspended 1.25m in the air, to avoid ground temperature influences.
Is the temperature of the air immediately above the ground always the same as the ‘surface temperature’ measured in a Stevenson screen?
No.
Define Isotherm?
A line drawn on a chart joining places of equal temperature.
Define Temperature Inversion?
Section of the atmosphere where temperature increases as height increases.
Define Isobar?
A line drawn on a map joining places of equal pressure.
Define Horizontal Pressure Gradient?
The rate of change in MSL pressure per unit of distance.
Define Saturated Air?
When the air contains the maximum amount of water vapour at a given temperature.
Define Relative Humidity?
The ratio amount of water vapour in the air to the maximum amount of water vapour the air can hold at that temperature.
Define Dew-point?
The temperature at which the air can no longer hold all water vapour.
What effect does a change in temperature have on air density?
Any increase/decrease in temperature will have the opposite effect on air density.
What effect does a change in pressure have on air density?
Any increase/decrease in pressure will have the same effect on air density.
What effect does a change in humidity have on air density?
Any increase/decrease in humidity will have the opposite effect on air density.
