Chapter 8: Wonderful World of Routing

Question 1

What is a router?

Answer 1

forwards packets based on destination IP address

Question 2

How do you show the routing table in windows

Answer 2

“route print”

• “netstat -r” does samething
• “show ip route” for cisco router

Question 3

What is DOCSIS?

Answer 3

data over cable service interface specification

-for cable modems.

Question 4

What is NAT

Answer 4

Network Address Translation

-hide IP addresses on the LAN while still enabling them to communicate.

Question 5

what is Port address translation?

Answer 5

-port numbers to map traffic from specific machines.

Question 6

What are routing protocols?

Answer 6

-distance vector, link-state, hybrid

Question 7

What are metrics?

Answer 7

• maximum transmission unit(MTU) reduces fragmentation
• costs: some cost more, costs based on usage
• bandwidth
• latency

Question 8

What are distance vectors?

Answer 8

• some form of totatl cost.
• sum the hop count
• works on networks with less than 10 routers.

Question 9

What is RIPv1?

Answer 9

• distance vector routing protocol
• max hop count of 15
• updates every 30 seconds
• doesn’t know how to use variable length subnet masking
• no authentication

Question 10

What is RIPv2?

Answer 10

• VLSM added
• authentication built in
• max hop count of 15
• large convergence time

Question 11

What is BGP?

Answer 11

• for autonomous systems
• one or more networks governed by a single dynamic routing protocol.
• do not use ip addresses
• globablly unique Autonomous system number(ASN) assigned by the IANA.
• communicate with each other using an Exerior Gateway Protocol(EGP)
• Networks within AS use Interior Gateway Protocol (GP

Question 12

What is BGP-4?

Answer 12

Border Gateway porocol

-connects all Autonomous systems.

Question 13

What is a Link State routing protocol?

Answer 13

announce and forward individual routes as they appear.

Question 14

Describe OSPF.

Answer 14

Open shortest path first

• most commonly used IGP on the internet
• converges faster and is more efficient than RIP
• Uses Link state advertisements.
• cost is based on speed of link 100,000,000/bandwidth in bps.
• routers assigned an Area ID
• Designater Router: relays info to all other routers
• supports authentication
• initially did not have support for IPv6

Question 15

Describe IS-IS.

Answer 15

Intermediate system to intermediate system

• worked with IPv6 from the start
• link state dynamic routing protocol

Question 16

Describe EIGRP

Answer 16

• hybrid protocol that is proprietary to Cisco

- Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol

Question 17

What is network management software?

Answer 17

-describes, visualizes and configure entire network.

Question 18

What is traceroute?

Answer 18

records route between any two hosts on a network.

Question 19

what is mytraceroute(mtr)?

Answer 19

• dynamically, continuing updating the route I’ve selected.
• used in Linux
• windows equivalent is pathping.