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Network+ > Chapter 14: Remote Connectivity > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Remote Connectivity Flashcards

1
Q

Describe SONET.

A

Makes up vast majority of long distance connections.

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2
Q

What is a local exchange?

A

-defined grouping of individual phone circuits served by a single multiplexer.

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3
Q

What is a central office:

A

handles one or more exchanges

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4
Q

What is the last mile?

A

connection from central office to individual users.

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5
Q

Describe DS0.

A
  • digital signal rate

- 64 Kbps

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6
Q

What is a T-carrier?

A
  • digital trunk carrier.
  • T1: high speed digital networking technology.
  • line is shielded two-pair cabling that connects to ends of a T-1. Two send, two receive.
  • CSU/DSU: Channel service unit/digital service unit.
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7
Q

Describe DS1.

A
  • digital signal one: special signaling.
  • frame consists of 25 pieces; framing bit and 24 channels.
  • channel: single 8 bit DS0 data sample. 193 bits per DS1 frame
  • frame transmitted 8,000 ties per second for a throughput of 1.544 Mbps.
  • TDM.
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8
Q

Describe fractional t1 access.

A

where you just but some of the channels.

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9
Q

Describe a t3

A

data rate of 45Mbps on dedicated telephone connection.

-672 individual DS0 channels. mainly used by regional telephone companies and ISPs.

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10
Q

Describe an E1.

A
  • similar to T1

- 2.048 Mbps(32 channels at 64 Kbps)

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11
Q

Describe an E3.

A

16 E1 lines. 34 Mbps

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12
Q

What does a CSU/DSU perform?

A

-performs line encoding and conditioning functions.

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13
Q

What is the function of a CSU?

A
  • protects t1/T3 line from lightening stikes and other electrical interference.
  • stores statisticas and capabilities for loopback testing.
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14
Q

What is the function of a DSU?

A
  • supplies timing to each user port.

- converts user’s data signal and converts to specificed line code and framing format for transmission.

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15
Q

Describe a T1.

A

24 channels, 1.544 Mbps

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16
Q

Describe a T3,

A

672 channels, 44.736 Mbps

17
Q

Describe an E1.

A

32 channels 2.048 Mbps

18
Q

Describe an E3 line.

A

512 channels 34.368 Mbps

19
Q

What does SONET stand for?

A

Synchronous Optical Network (US)

20
Q

What does SDH stand for?

A

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy(europe)

21
Q

What does SONET do?

A

Defines inteface standard at physical and data link layers

-important standard for making WAN interconnections.

22
Q

What are OC standards?

A

Optical Carrier Standards.

  • denote optical data-carrying capacity in bps of fiber optic cables.
  • OC speeds from 51.8Mbps(OC-1) to 39.8 Gbps(OC-768).
23
Q

What is WDM?

A

Wavelength division multiplexing.

  • newer version is Dense WDM
  • can support approximately 150 signals. 7.7 gigabytes
24
Q

What is STS?

A

Synchronous Transport Signals.

  • STS payload: data
  • STS overhead: signaling and protocol info.
25
Q

What is X.25?

A
  • First generation of packet switching.

- CCITT packet switching protocol.

26
Q

What is Frame Relay?

A
  • used primarily with T-carrier lines.
  • no data integrity.
  • being replaced by ATM and MPLS
27
Q

What is ATM?

A

Asynchronous Transfer MOde

  • integrated voice, video and data on one connection.
  • short fixed length packets (cells)
  • 155.52 - 622.08 Mbps and beyond.
28
Q

Describe MPLS

A

Multiprotocol Label Switching

  • adds an MPLS label that sits between Layer 2 header and layer 3 info.
  • purpose: move traffic quickly by providing network-wide quality of service.
29
Q

What is a BERT?

A

Bit Error Rate Test: verifies T-carrier connection from end to end.

30
Q

Describe 802.16 wiMax

A

range up to 30 miles

31
Q

What is a b-channel?

A
  • DS0 channel

- two b, one d.

32
Q

What is BPL

A

Broadband over PowerLine

-powerline communications

33
Q

What is citrix

A
  • WinFrame/Metaframe

- independent computing architecture.

34
Q

Describe RTP

A

Real-Time Transport Protocol bedrock of VOIP standards.

35
Q

Describe SIP and H.323

A
  • setup, delivery of VOIP sessions
  • use multicasting
  • run on top of RTP.
36
Q

Describe real time streaming protocol.

A

runs on TCP port 554.

Network+ (15 decks)

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