Chapter 8 Vocabulary

Question 1

Animal Behavior*

Answer 1

Any way that an animal interacts with other animals or the environment.

Question 2

Conditioning

Answer 2

Way of learning that involves a reward or punishment. (Teaching dog commands).

Question 3

Habituation

Answer 3

Way of learning that occurs when an animal is exposed repeatedly to a stimulus that is annoying or frightening but not harmful. (Crow learning to ignore scarecrow).

Question 4

Innate Behavior

Answer 4

Instinctive behavior that does not need to be learned, or any behavior that occurs naturally and in exactly the same way in all individual of a given species.

Question 5

Insight Learning

Answer 5

Way of learning that is based on past experiences and reasoning and the generally involves coming up with a new way to solve a problem.

Question 6

Instinct

Answer 6

Innate behavior that does not need to be learned but that occurs naturally and in exactly the same way in all individual sof a given species.

Question 7

Learned Behavior

Answer 7

Any behavior that occur sonny after experience or practice.

Question 8

Observational Learning

Answer 8

Way of learning by watching and copying the behavior of another individual.

Question 9

Reflex Behavior

Answer 9

Simple response that always occurs when a certain stimulus is present. (Grasp reflux in human infants).

Question 10

Biological Clock

Answer 10

Tiny structure in the brain of many animal species that controls behaviors occurring in daily cycles.

Question 11

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 11

Daily cycle of behavior that occurs in an animal. (Daily sleep-wake cycle)

Question 12

Communicaiton*

Answer 12

Any way in which animals share information.

Question 13

Cooperation

Answer 13

Working together with others toward the same overall goal. (Bees working to feed/protect colony).

Question 14

Diurnal

Answer 14

Of or relating to being active during the day. (diurnal animal).

Question 15

Hibernation

Answer 15

State in which an animal’s body processes slow down and its body temperature falls so it can sleep deeply through a time of year when food is scarce.

Question 16

Language

Answer 16

Use of symbols such as words to communicate.

Question 17

Mating

Answer 17

Pairing an adult male and an adult female for the purpose of reproduction.

Question 18

Migration

Answer 18

Movement of animals from one place to another to find more plentiful resources, or the movement of individuals into or out of population.

Question 19

Nocturnal

Answer 19

Of or relating to be in active during the night. (Nocturnal animal).

Question 20

Social Animal

Answer 20

Any species of animal in which individuals live together in groups and different animals within a group have different jobs so group members must work together for the good of all.

Question 21

Territorial

Answer 21

Of or relating to an animal that defends a given area, or territory, typically including its nest and enough space to feed itself and its young.

Question 22

Echinoderm

Answer 22

Ocean-dwelling invertebrate in Phylum Echinodermata, such as the sea star, sea urchin, or sand dollar.

Question 23

Lancelet

Answer 23

Aquatic invertebrate in Phylum Chordata that retains the four defining traits of Chordates into adulthood.

Question 24

Tunicate Chordates

Answer 24

Aquatic invertebrate in Phylum Chordata that loses some of the four defying chordate traits by adulthood; commonly called a sea squirt.