Chapter 5 Vocabulary Flashcards
Active Transport
Passage of a substance through the cell membrane that requires energy because the substance is moving from a lower to higher concentration or has very large molecules.
Concentration
The number of particles of a substance in a given volume.
Diffusion
the natural movement of substance from an area of higher to lower concentration without the need for added energy.
Facilitated Diffusion
Passive transport of a substance through a membrane with the help of transport proteins.
Osmosis
Diffusion of water.
Passive Transport
Passage of a substance through the cell membrane that requires no energy because the substance is moving from a higher to lower concentration.
Simple Diffusion
Passive transport of a substance through a membrane without help of transport proteins.
Transport
Passage of a substance through a cell membrane.
Transport Protein
Protein in a cell membrane that helps molecules pass through the membrane, by either forming a channel for the molecules or carrying the molecules through the membrane.
Vesicle Transport
use of a vesicle to actively transport a substance across a cell membrane
Autotroph
Organism that makes glucose (“self-feeder”)
Calvin Cycle
Second stage of photosynthesis that takes place in the Stroma of a chloroplast and in which carbon dioxide is used to produce glucose using energy in ATP and NADPH.
Chlorophyll
A green pigment in the chloroplasts of plans and plant-like protests that gives them their green color and absorbs light energy during the process of phototsynthesis.
Chloroplast
A type of plastic, or plant organelle, that contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis.
Glucose
A simple sugar that all living things use to store and transport energy.
Heterotroph
A living thing that obtains glucose by eating other organisms (“other feeder”)
Light Reactions
First stage of photosynthesis in which energy from sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and temporarily transferred to ATP and NADPH.
Phototsynthesis
The process in which glucose is made from carbon dioxide and water using the energy in light.
Stroma
A fluid-filled space inside a chloroplast where the second stage of photosynthesis (Calvin cycle) occurs.
Thylakoid
A flattened sac of membrane inside a chloroplast where the first stage of photosynthesis (light reactions) occurs.
Aerobic
Relating to any organism or process that requires oxygen.
Anaerobic
Relating to any organism or process that does not require oxygen.
Cellular Respiration
A process in which cells break down glucose, release the stored can energy, and use the energy to make ATP.
Electron Transport
The third stage of cellular respiration, which occurs on the inner membrane of mitochondria, requires oxygen, and produces up to 34 molecules of ATP.
Fermentation
Form of respiration that takes place without oxygen in bacteria, yeast, and some other cells; types includ lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation.
Glycolysis
The first stage of cellular respiration, which occurs in the cytoplasm, requires no oxygen, and produces two molecules of ATP.
Krebs Cycle
The second stage of cellular respiration, which occurs in the matrix of mitochondria, requires oxygen and produce two molecules of ATP.
