Chapter 7 Vocabulary Flashcards
Dominant*
Referring to an allele that masks the presence of another allele (called recessive) for the same gene when both are present in a heterozygote; or referring to a trait controlled by such an allele.
Genetics*
Science of heredity, or how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
Law of Independent Assortment
Mendel’s second law of inheritance that states that factors (alleles) controlling different traits go to gametes independently of each other.
Law of Segregation
Mendel’s first law of inheritance that states that the two factors (alleles) that control a given trait separate and go to different gametes.
Mendel
Austrian monk who lived in the 1800s and discovered the laws of inheritance by careful, repeated experiments with pea plants; called the “father of genetics”.
Pollination
Process by which pollen is transferred from a male reproductive structure of a plant to a female reproductive structure of the same plant or a different plant of the same species so fertilization can occur.
Recessive*
Referring to an allele that is masked by the presence of another allele (called dominant) for the same gene when both are present in a heterozygote; or referring to a trait controlled by such an allele.
Allele*
One of the alternate versions of a particular gene.
Autosome
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
Genotype
Combination of alleles that an individual inherits for a given gene.
Heterozygote
Type of genotype in which an individual has wo different alleles for a gene.
Homozygote
Type of genotype in which an individual has two of the same allele for a gene.
Phenotype
Expression of an organism’s genotype as a trait in the organism.
Punnett Square
Chart for determining the possible genotypes and their likely ratios in offspring of two parents of given genotypes.
Sex Chromomsome
One of two chromosomes (in humans, X or Y Chromomsome) that determine the sex of an individual in a sexually reproducing species.
