Chapter 4 Vocabulary

Question 1

Cell Membrane

Answer 1

Thin coat of phospholipids that surrounds a cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 2

Cell Theory

Answer 2

Theory that all organisms consist of one or more cells; that cells are alive and the site of all life processes; and that all cells come form pre-existing cells.

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

Material inside the cell membrane, including the watery cytosine and other cell structures except the nucleus if one is present.

Question 4

Eukaryote

Answer 4

Organism that has cells with a nucleus; organisms in the Eukarya Domain.

Question 5

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 5

Cell where most of the cell’s DNA is enclosed in a nucleus and which has other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

Organelle in a eukaryotic cell that contains most of the cell’s DNA.

Question 7

Organ

Answer 7

Structure composed of two or more types of tissues that work together to do a specific task.

Question 8

Organelle

Answer 8

Any structure inside a eukaryotic cell that is enclosed by a membrane and does a special job inside the cell.

Question 9

Organ System

Answer 9

Group of organs that work together to do the same overall job.

Question 10

Prokaryote

Answer 10

Single-called organism that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles; organism in the Archaea or Bacteria Domain.

Question 11

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 11

A cell in which the cell’s DNA is not enclosed within a nucleus and which lacks other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 12

Ribosome

Answer 12

Structure found in the cytoplasm of all cells that consists of RNA and proteins and is the site of protein synthesis.

Question 13

Tissue

Answer 13

Group of specialized cells of the same kind that perform the same function.

Question 14

ATP (Adensosine Triphosphate)

Answer 14

Small molecule that cells use for energy.

Question 15

Cell Wall

Answer 15

Rigid layer that surrounds the cell membrane of a plant cell or final cell that supports and protects the cell.

Question 16

Central Vacuole

Answer 16

Large storage sac found in the cell’s of plants.

Question 17

Centriole

Answer 17

Organelle in animal cells that is located near the nucleus and organizes the DNA prior to cell division, ensuring that the DNA divides correctly when the nucleus divides.

Question 18

Cytoskeleton

Answer 18

Structure in a cell consisting of filaments and tubules that crisscross the ctyoplasm and help maintain the cell’s shape.

Question 19

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 19

Organelle in eukaryotic cells that consists of folded membrane and that helps make and transport proteins and lipids; types include rough ER and smooth ER.

Question 20

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 20

Organelle in eukaryotic cells that receives, labels, and sends proteins and lipids where they are needed.

Question 21

Lysosome

Answer 21

organelle in eukaryotic cells that uses enzymes to break down molecules so their components can be recycled.

Question 22

Mitochondrial (Mitochondria, plural)

Answer 22

Organelle in eukaryotic cells that uses energy in glucose to make ATP, which cells can use for energy.

Question 23

Vacuole

Answer 23

sac-like organelle in a cell that stores materials in the cell.

Question 24

Vesicle

Answer 24

Sac-like organelle smaller than a vacuole that may have a variety of functions, such as storing and transporting substances or providing a chamber for biochemical reactions.