Chapter 8 - The skeletal system

Question 1

Skeleton

Answer 1

The skeleton is the framework that gives the body its shape

Question 2

Functions

Answer 2

The skeleton has a number of important functions, these include

Question 3

List Functions

Answer 3

Support, Protection, Movement, Mineral Storage and Production of blood cells

Question 4

Good Way To Remember Functions

Answer 4

SPMMP

Question 5

Support

Answer 5

It gives the body shape and supports the soft tissues of the body, some of which are attached to the skeleton, e.g. muscles, tendons.

Question 6

Protection

Answer 6

Some skeletal bones provide protection to the internal organs by enclosing them and protecting them from injury, e.g. the ribcage protects the heart and lungs, the skull protects the brain and the vertebrae protect the spinal cord.

Question 7

Movement

Answer 7

Muscles are attached to bones, so when they contract they cause bones to move

Question 8

Mineral Storage

Answer 8

Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are stored in bone. They can be released into the bloodstream when needed.

Question 9

Production of blood cells

Answer 9

Red blood cells are produced in bone marrow

Question 10

Structure of bone (5)

Answer 10

Joint, Cartilage, Spongy Bone, Medullary Cavity, Compact bone

Question 11

Good Way to Rememember Bone Structure

Answer 11

JCCSM

Question 12

Composition of bone

Answer 12

Both Organic and Inorganic

Question 13

One of Main organic components (bone)

Answer 13

Collagen

Question 14

Collagen

Answer 14

A form of protein that is mainly found in connective tissues such as tendons, ligaments, and cartilage in addition to bone.

Question 15

Collegen (plants)

Answer 15

Not found in plants

Question 16

Inorganic component (bone)

Answer 16

Consists of bone minerals such as calcium (Ca)

Question 17

Connective Tissue

Answer 17

Connective Tissue in the animal’s body has a number of functions

Question 18

Connective Tissue Provides

Answer 18

Connective Tissue Provides support and protection, stores fat, forms blood cells and binds structures together

Question 19

Connective tissue types (in mammalian body)

Answer 19

Loose Connective Tissue, Fribrous connective tissue and muscular tissue.

Question 20

Adipose Tissue

Answer 20

A loose type of connective tissue. Its main function is to store fat. It is also used for insulation. It is found beneath the skin and around internal organs such as the kidneys

Question 21

Tendons

Answer 21

Connect muscle to bone. They are inelastic fibres consisting of collagen. Due to the attachment of a muscle to a bone via a tendon, when a muscle contracts the bone moves with it.

Question 22

Ligaments

Answer 22

Another connective tissue consisting of fibres of collagen. Ligaments connect two bones together at a joint. They are slightly elastic, allowing the joints to move, while at the same time controlling the range of movement of the joints.

Question 23

Muscle

Answer 23

Acoounts for approximately 40% of the body’s total weight. When muscles contract (or shorten), they cause movement in the body. Some muscle, known as skeletal muscle, is attached to bone.

Question 24

Muscle Types

Answer 24

There are three muscle types in the body: skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle.Each has its own characteristic, location and function.

Question 25

Skeletal muscle

Answer 25

This type of muscle is attached to the bones of the skeleton. It is also found in the diaphragm and between the ribs. It is a voluntary muscle that is under conscious control, i.e. it does not move of its own accord. One of its main functions is for movement and breathing. In the mammalian body, skeletal muscle assists the movement of the legs.

Question 26

Smooth Muscle

Answer 26

This type of muscle is found in the internal organs, such as the digestive system, the blood vessels and the reproductive system. It is an involuntary muscle that moves independantly. Some of its functions include the movement of food through the alimentary canal (oesophagus), which is known as peristalisis, and dilation of the cervix during birth.

Question 27

Cardiac muscle

Answer 27

This type of muscle is only found in the heart. It is an involuntary muscle that does not fatigue and is responsible for pumping blood around the body in the circulatory system.