CHAPTER 8 TEST Flashcards
similarities bt fungi and plants and differences
Similar: eukaryotic, sessile (stay in place), multicellular
Different:
-fungi: cell wall made of chitin, heterotrophic, asexual and sexual cycle involving spores
-plant: cell wall made of cellulose, autotrophic (produces its own food), alteration of generations
Explain alternation of generations
The Alteration of generations is in the 2 stages of sporophyte (diploid 2N) to gametophyte (haploid N). It starts with a mature sporophyte, which through meiosis makes spores, which make a gametophyte. The gametophyte generates make male or female gametes. The female is fertilized and makes an immature sporophyte.
sporophyte
summarizes 1 stage in the plant life cycle; it is the mature plant that makes spores by meiosis
gametophyte
summarizes 1 stage in the plant life cycle; is what the spores produce through mitosis, and makes gametes by mitosis, which in turn make a young plant when the female gamete is fertilized
4 groups of plants
nonvascular seedless-mosses
vascular seedless-ferns
vascular seeded-gymnosperms-cones
vascular seeded-angiosperm-flowers and fruit
vascular tissue
conducts water and other nutrients throughout the organisms. 2 types=xylem and phloem
Fungal hypha structure and function
Hyphae are thin filaments connected together with septae between individual cells. It is the main structural component of fungi, and is made up of a sequence of box-like cells separated by septae and have a nucleus. It’s cell wall is make of chitin, which increases the surface area and ups the uptake of nutrients. The hyphae help with sexual reproduction, as it makes the fruiting body.
large collection of hyphae
mycelium
large collection of hyphae that holds spores
fruiting body
Be able to draw and describe asexual and sexual cycle
Begins with unicellular haploid spores being released. It germinates and divides by mitoses, becoming mycelium. The hyphae in the mycelium from 2 mating types fuses into a heterozygous cell. This is plasmogamy, the combination of the cytoplasm, but not nucleus. The heterotrophic hyphae produces through mitoses. Once mature, some nuclei in the mycelium fuse and form a diploid nucleus. This is karyogamy. Followed by meiosis to produce haploid spores which are release from the fruiting body.
5 phyla of fungi
Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Glomeromycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota
differences bt Bacteria and Archaea
Bacteria-kingdom of Eubacteria, cell wall with peptidoglycan, lives anywhere
Archaea-kingdom of Archaebacteria, cell wall without peptidoglycan, lives only in extreme environments
Protists differences w/ Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
Protists differ because their cell walls can be with cellulose, eukaryotic, and can be amoebas, diatoms, etc.
Eubacteria and Archaebacteria have cell wall with or without peptidoglycan, are prokaryotic
7 properties of water due to polarity and hydrogen bonding
Cohesion-molecules tendency to stick together
surface tension-surface has resistance to being broken
adhesion-tendency to stick to other substances
specific heat Capacity-amount of water needed to raise 1 gram 1^ C
boiling and freezing points-large range due to hydrogen bonding
density-ice less dense than water
solubility-ability to dissolve substances that are ionic/polar
classification of plants
first classified by Theophrastus-classified plants by presence and number of stems, and branches. eventually classified by Linnaeus, who organized them by how they reproduce (?)
