chapter 10 quiz 1

Question 1

levels of organization

Answer 1

atoms
molecule
biomolecule
organelle
cell
tissue
organ
organism
population
community
ecosystem
biosphere

Question 2

Functions of Skeletal system (6)

Answer 2

attachment site for muscles
provides support for the body
protects important organs
produces blood cells
stores calcium and phosphate (minerals)

Question 3

functions of muscular system

Answer 3

protects internal organs
maintains a constant body temperature
stabilizes joints
enables movement (of bones, blood, food, etc)

Question 4

2 types of bone

Answer 4

compact (outer edge of bone), spongy (marrow)

Question 5

How does bone grow?

Answer 5

Ossification

Question 6

what does ossification start as

Answer 6

cartalidge

Question 7

what do osteoblasts lay down new bone on, forming what?

Answer 7

cartilaginous framework, forming spongy bone and then compact bone

Question 8

where does a child’s bone growth occur? when does it stop??

Answer 8

epiphyseal/growth plate. stops at puberty

Question 9

do bones stop changing after puberty?

Answer 9

no, the bones are remodeled by the osteoclasts based on the needs of the body

Question 10

how is bone involved in the regulation of blood calcium levels?

Answer 10

bone growth (uses/stores calcium) and remodeling (releases calcium)

Question 11

what regulates bone growth and remodeling?

Answer 11

hormones

Question 12

osteoblasts

Answer 12

calcitonin secretes the thyroid gland when calcium levels are high and triggers the osteoblasts to lay down new bone and inhibits osteoclasts

Question 13

osteoclasts

Answer 13

a hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland when blood calcium levels are low (parathyroid gland) triggers the osteoclasts to break down bone to release calcium and inhibits osteoblasts. It also causes the kidneys and digestive system to hold on to calcium rather than excreting it

Question 14

11 systems of the human body

I never really considered doing exercise, especially so many laps in a r

Answer 14

integumentary, nervous, respiratory, circulatory, digestive, endocrine, execratory, skeletal, muscular, lymphatic + immune, reproductive

Question 15

steps of muscle contraction

neurotransmitter,calcium ions, cross bridge, power stroke, atp

Answer 15

1. nerve impulse comes to muscle cell by NEUROTRANSMITTER and attach to the sarcolemma (cell membrane of muscle cell)
2. triggers a release of CALCIOM IONS, which bind to troponin and tropomyosin, exposing the myosin binding sites on the actin filament
3. myosin attaches to actin to form a CROSS-BRIDGE
4. POWER STROKE-myosin pulls the actin, shortening the sarcomere
5. ATP binds with myosin so it releases the actin.
6. ATP releases energy so myosin heads reorient to be ready to go again
   until runs out of ATP or calcium is recollected in the sarcoplasmic reticulum