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NOS-120 > Chapter 8 - System Initialization, X Windows, and Localization > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - System Initialization, X Windows, and Localization Flashcards

1
Q

The partition that a standard BIOS searches for an operating system on.

A

active partition

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2
Q

A BIOS component that provides hardware and power management event functionality to an operating system.

A

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)

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3
Q

A character set that provides character mappings for English characters.

A

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)

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4
Q

Software programs that cater to specific user needs.

A

assistive technologies

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5
Q

A program used to load an operating system.

A

boot loader

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6
Q

Used to configure UNIX SysV daemon startup by runlevel.

A

chkconfig command

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7
Q

A desktop environment based on GNOME and used by Linux Mint.

A

Cinnamon

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8
Q

A Linux system process that provides a system service.

A

daemon

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9
Q

A software component that allows programs running within a desktop environment to easily communicate with one another.

A

Desktop Bus (D-Bus)

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10
Q

The software that works with a window manager to provide a standard GUI environment that uses standard programs and development tools.

A

desktop environment

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11
Q

Used to generate an initramfs.

A

dracut command

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12
Q

The time format used by the Linux kernel; it is represented by the number of seconds since January 1, 1970.

A

epoch time

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13
Q

A program that provides a graphical login screen.

A

GNOME Display Manager (gdm)

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14
Q

The graphical interface components within the GNOME 3 desktop environment

A

GNOME Shell

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15
Q

A boot loader used to boot a variety of operating systems (including Linux) on a variety of hardware platforms.

A

GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB)

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16
Q

An enhanced version of the original GRUB boot loader. It is the most common boot loader used on modern Linux systems.

A

GRand Unified Bootloader version 2 (GRUB2)

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17
Q

The original version of the GRUB boot loader.

A

GRUB Legacy

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18
Q

The partition containing the second stage of the GRUB boot loader and the GRUB configuration file; it is normally a partition that is mounted to /boot.

A

GRUB root partition

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19
Q

Used to install the GRUB boot loader.

A

grub-install command

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20
Q

Used to install the GRUB2 boot loader.

A

grub2-install command

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21
Q

Used to build the GRUB2 configuration file from entries within the /etc/default/grub file and /etc/grub.d/ directory.

A

grub2-mkconfig command

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22
Q

A development toolkit for C programming; it is used in the GNOME desktop and the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP).

A

GTK+ toolkit

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23
Q

A command that can be used to view and modify the system clock within the computer BIOS.

A

hwclock command

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24
Q

Used to convert data from one character set to another.

A

iconv command

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25
Q

Used to change the operating system from one runlevel to another

A

init command

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26
Q

The first process started by the Linux kernel; it is responsible for starting and stopping other daemons.

A

initialize (init) daemon

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27
Q

A disk image that contains Linux kernel modules that are needed by the Linux kernel during the boot process.

A

initramfs

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28
Q

A character set that extends ASCII to provide additional character mappings for non-English languages.

A

ISO-8859

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29
Q

The window manager that works under the KDE Desktop Environment.

A

K Window Manager (kwin)

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30
Q

A graphical login screen for users that resembles the KDE desktop

A

KDE Display Manager (kdm)

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31
Q

A condition in which a system halts immediately after loading the Linux kernel

A

kernel panic

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32
Q

A program that provides a graphical login screen on Ubuntu systems.

A

LightDM

33
Q

The regional language and character set used on a system.

A

locale

34
Q

Used to display locale information.

A

locale command

35
Q

Used to view and modify locale information.

A

localectl command

36
Q

The collection of settings on a system that are region-specific.

A

localization

37
Q

A desktop environment based on GNOME and used by Arch Linux.

A

MATE

38
Q

Used to generate an initramfs.

A

mkinitrd command

39
Q

A configuration in which two or more operating systems exist on the hard disk of a computer; the boot loader allows the user to choose which operating system to load at boot time.

A

multi boot

40
Q

The default window manager for the GNOME 3 desktop environment.

A

mutter window manager

41
Q

The process of loading an operating system from across a network; it is often used to load Linux live installation media across a network for installation purposes.

A

netbooting

42
Q

An initial series of tests run when a computer is powered on to ensure that hardware components are functional.

A

Power On Self Test (POST)

43
Q

The software toolkit used with the K Desktop Environment.

A

Qt toolkit

44
Q

Used to reload the configuration files into memory for an upstart daemon.

A

reload command

45
Q

Used to manually restart an upstart daemon.

A

restart command

46
Q

A UNIX SysV term that defines a certain type and number of daemons on a Linux system

A

runlevel

47
Q

Used to display the current and most recent (previous) UNIX SysV runlevel.

A

runlevel command

48
Q

Scripts that are used during the system initialization process to start daemons and provide system functionality.

A

runtime configuration (rc) scripts

49
Q

A UEFI BIOS feature that checks files loaded during the boot process to ensure that they were not modified by malware.

A

secure boot

50
Q

Used to manually start, stop, and restart UNIX SysV daemons.

A

service command

51
Q

A Systemd term that is used to describe a daemon.

A

service unit

52
Q

Used to manually start an upstart daemon.

A

start command

53
Q

Used to manually start X Windows and the default window manager and desktop environment.

A

startx command

54
Q

Used to view the status of an upstart daemon.

A

status command

55
Q

Used to manually stop an upstart daemon.

A

stop command

56
Q

The process that executes the daemons that provide for system services during boot time and bring the system to a useable state.

A

system initialization process

57
Q

Used on Fedora Linux systems to configure a keyboard for use by X Windows.

A

system-config-keyboard command

58
Q

Used to view, start, stop, restart, and reload Systemd daemons, as well as configure Systemd daemon startup during the system initialization process.

A

systemctl command

59
Q

A relatively new software framework used on Linux systems that provides a system initialization process and system management functions.

A

Systemd

60
Q

Used to view Systemd unit information.

A

systemd-analyze command

61
Q

A Systemd term that describes the number and type of daemons running on a Linux system. It is functionally equivalent to the UNIX SysV term runlevel.

A

target unit

62
Q

Used to change the operating system from one UNIX SysV runlevel to another.

A

telinit command

63
Q

Used to view and set time and time zone information for a system.

A

timedatectl command

64
Q

Used to locate the appropriate time zone file for a region.

A

tzselect command

65
Q

A character set that extends ASCII and represents characters used in most languages.

A

Unicode

66
Q

A GNOME Shell alternative focused on mobile devices.

A

Unity

67
Q

A graphical utility within Fedora Linux used to configure assistive technologies.

A

Universal Access utility

68
Q

A UNIX standard that is used to provide the structure of the system initialization process on Linux systems.

A

UNIX SysV

69
Q

Used to configure UNIX SysV daemon startup by runlevel on Ubuntu Linux systems

A

update-rc.d command

70
Q

A recent version of the UNIX SysV system initialization process used on modern Linux distributions.

A

upstart

71
Q

A character set that allows programs to represent the characters in the Unicode character set using one to four 8-bit bytes; it is the most common character set used today.

A

UTF-8

72
Q

A new X server designed to replace X.org; it is currently still in development

A

Wayland

73
Q

A windows manager that is used by the Wayland X server.

A

Wayland compositor

74
Q

The GUI component that is responsible for determining the appearance of the windows drawn on the screen by X Windows.

A

window manager

75
Q

The component of X Windows that requests graphics to be drawn from the X server and displays them on the terminal screen.

A

X client

76
Q

A graphical login screen.

A

X Display Manager (xdm)

77
Q

A common implementation of X Windows used in Linux distributions.

A

X.org

78
Q

The component of X Windows that draws graphics to windows on the terminal screen.

A

X server

79
Q

A common lightweight desktop environment.

A

XFCE

NOS-120 (10 decks)

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