Chapter 8 - System Initialization, X Windows, and Localization

Question 1

The partition that a standard BIOS searches for an operating system on.

Answer 1

active partition

Question 2

A BIOS component that provides hardware and power management event functionality to an operating system.

Answer 2

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)

Question 3

A character set that provides character mappings for English characters.

Answer 3

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)

Question 4

Software programs that cater to specific user needs.

Answer 4

assistive technologies

Question 5

A program used to load an operating system.

Answer 5

boot loader

Question 6

Used to configure UNIX SysV daemon startup by runlevel.

Answer 6

chkconfig command

Question 7

A desktop environment based on GNOME and used by Linux Mint.

Answer 7

Cinnamon

Question 8

A Linux system process that provides a system service.

Answer 8

daemon

Question 9

A software component that allows programs running within a desktop environment to easily communicate with one another.

Answer 9

Desktop Bus (D-Bus)

Question 10

The software that works with a window manager to provide a standard GUI environment that uses standard programs and development tools.

Answer 10

desktop environment

Question 11

Used to generate an initramfs.

Answer 11

dracut command

Question 12

The time format used by the Linux kernel; it is represented by the number of seconds since January 1, 1970.

Answer 12

epoch time

Question 13

A program that provides a graphical login screen.

Answer 13

GNOME Display Manager (gdm)

Question 14

The graphical interface components within the GNOME 3 desktop environment

Answer 14

GNOME Shell

Question 15

A boot loader used to boot a variety of operating systems (including Linux) on a variety of hardware platforms.

Answer 15

GRand Unified Bootloader (GRUB)

Question 16

An enhanced version of the original GRUB boot loader. It is the most common boot loader used on modern Linux systems.

Answer 16

GRand Unified Bootloader version 2 (GRUB2)

Question 17

The original version of the GRUB boot loader.

Answer 17

GRUB Legacy

Question 18

The partition containing the second stage of the GRUB boot loader and the GRUB configuration file; it is normally a partition that is mounted to /boot.

Answer 18

GRUB root partition

Question 19

Used to install the GRUB boot loader.

Answer 19

grub-install command

Question 20

Used to install the GRUB2 boot loader.

Answer 20

grub2-install command

Question 21

Used to build the GRUB2 configuration file from entries within the /etc/default/grub file and /etc/grub.d/ directory.

Answer 21

grub2-mkconfig command

Question 22

A development toolkit for C programming; it is used in the GNOME desktop and the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP).

Answer 22

GTK+ toolkit

Question 23

A command that can be used to view and modify the system clock within the computer BIOS.

Answer 23

hwclock command

Question 24

Used to convert data from one character set to another.

Answer 24

iconv command

Question 25

Used to change the operating system from one runlevel to another

Answer 25

init command

Question 26

The first process started by the Linux kernel; it is responsible for starting and stopping other daemons.

Answer 26

initialize (init) daemon

Question 27

A disk image that contains Linux kernel modules that are needed by the Linux kernel during the boot process.

Answer 27

initramfs

Question 28

A character set that extends ASCII to provide additional character mappings for non-English languages.

Answer 28

ISO-8859

Question 29

The window manager that works under the KDE Desktop Environment.

Answer 29

K Window Manager (kwin)

Question 30

A graphical login screen for users that resembles the KDE desktop

Answer 30

KDE Display Manager (kdm)

Question 31

A condition in which a system halts immediately after loading the Linux kernel

Answer 31

kernel panic

Question 32

A program that provides a graphical login screen on Ubuntu systems.

Answer 32

LightDM

Question 33

The regional language and character set used on a system.

Answer 33

locale

Question 34

Used to display locale information.

Answer 34

locale command

Question 35

Used to view and modify locale information.

Answer 35

localectl command

Question 36

The collection of settings on a system that are region-specific.

Answer 36

localization

Question 37

A desktop environment based on GNOME and used by Arch Linux.

Answer 37

MATE

Question 38

Used to generate an initramfs.

Answer 38

mkinitrd command

Question 39

A configuration in which two or more operating systems exist on the hard disk of a computer; the boot loader allows the user to choose which operating system to load at boot time.

Answer 39

multi boot

Question 40

The default window manager for the GNOME 3 desktop environment.

Answer 40

mutter window manager

Question 41

The process of loading an operating system from across a network; it is often used to load Linux live installation media across a network for installation purposes.

Answer 41

netbooting

Question 42

An initial series of tests run when a computer is powered on to ensure that hardware components are functional.

Answer 42

Power On Self Test (POST)

Question 43

The software toolkit used with the K Desktop Environment.

Answer 43

Qt toolkit

Question 44

Used to reload the configuration files into memory for an upstart daemon.

Answer 44

reload command

Question 45

Used to manually restart an upstart daemon.

Answer 45

restart command

Question 46

A UNIX SysV term that defines a certain type and number of daemons on a Linux system

Answer 46

runlevel

Question 47

Used to display the current and most recent (previous) UNIX SysV runlevel.

Answer 47

runlevel command

Question 48

Scripts that are used during the system initialization process to start daemons and provide system functionality.

Answer 48

runtime configuration (rc) scripts

Question 49

A UEFI BIOS feature that checks files loaded during the boot process to ensure that they were not modified by malware.

Answer 49

secure boot

Question 50

Used to manually start, stop, and restart UNIX SysV daemons.

Answer 50

service command

Question 51

A Systemd term that is used to describe a daemon.

Answer 51

service unit

Question 52

Used to manually start an upstart daemon.

Answer 52

start command

Question 53

Used to manually start X Windows and the default window manager and desktop environment.

Answer 53

startx command

Question 54

Used to view the status of an upstart daemon.

Answer 54

status command

Question 55

Used to manually stop an upstart daemon.

Answer 55

stop command

Question 56

The process that executes the daemons that provide for system services during boot time and bring the system to a useable state.

Answer 56

system initialization process

Question 57

Used on Fedora Linux systems to configure a keyboard for use by X Windows.

Answer 57

system-config-keyboard command

Question 58

Used to view, start, stop, restart, and reload Systemd daemons, as well as configure Systemd daemon startup during the system initialization process.

Answer 58

systemctl command

Question 59

A relatively new software framework used on Linux systems that provides a system initialization process and system management functions.

Answer 59

Systemd

Question 60

Used to view Systemd unit information.

Answer 60

systemd-analyze command

Question 61

A Systemd term that describes the number and type of daemons running on a Linux system. It is functionally equivalent to the UNIX SysV term runlevel.

Answer 61

target unit

Question 62

Used to change the operating system from one UNIX SysV runlevel to another.

Answer 62

telinit command

Question 63

Used to view and set time and time zone information for a system.

Answer 63

timedatectl command

Question 64

Used to locate the appropriate time zone file for a region.

Answer 64

tzselect command

Question 65

A character set that extends ASCII and represents characters used in most languages.

Answer 65

Unicode

Question 66

A GNOME Shell alternative focused on mobile devices.

Answer 66

Unity

Question 67

A graphical utility within Fedora Linux used to configure assistive technologies.

Answer 67

Universal Access utility

Question 68

A UNIX standard that is used to provide the structure of the system initialization process on Linux systems.

Answer 68

UNIX SysV

Question 69

Used to configure UNIX SysV daemon startup by runlevel on Ubuntu Linux systems

Answer 69

update-rc.d command

Question 70

A recent version of the UNIX SysV system initialization process used on modern Linux distributions.

Answer 70

upstart

Question 71

A character set that allows programs to represent the characters in the Unicode character set using one to four 8-bit bytes; it is the most common character set used today.

Answer 71

UTF-8

Question 72

A new X server designed to replace X.org; it is currently still in development

Answer 72

Wayland

Question 73

A windows manager that is used by the Wayland X server.

Answer 73

Wayland compositor

Question 74

The GUI component that is responsible for determining the appearance of the windows drawn on the screen by X Windows.

Answer 74

window manager

Question 75

The component of X Windows that requests graphics to be drawn from the X server and displays them on the terminal screen.

Answer 75

X client

Question 76

A graphical login screen.

Answer 76

X Display Manager (xdm)

Question 77

A common implementation of X Windows used in Linux distributions.

Answer 77

X.org

Question 78

The component of X Windows that draws graphics to windows on the terminal screen.

Answer 78

X server

Question 79

A common lightweight desktop environment.

Answer 79

XFCE