Chapter 2 - Linux Installation and Usage

Question 1

The text that appears after a command name, does not start with a dash (−), and specifies information that the command requires to work properly.

Answer 1

arguments

Question 2

A filesystem that can be used to create fault tolerant volumes much like ZFS. It is currently still in development, but designed as a replacement for ext4.

Answer 2

B-tree Filesystem (BTRFS)

Question 3

Also known as the Bourne Again Shell, this is the default command-line interface in Linux.

Answer 3

BASH shell

Question 4

The part of a computer system that contains the programs used to initialize hardware components at boot time.

Answer 4

Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)

Question 5

A small partition that is created by the Linux installation program to store information needed to boot the Linux operating system from a GPT hard disk on a computer that does not have a UEFI BIOS.

Answer 5

BIOS Boot Partition

Question 6

A program that exists on the filesystem and is executed when typed on the command line.

Answer 6

command

Question 7

A nonjournaling Linux filesystem

Answer 7

ext2

Question 8

A journaling Linux filesystem.

Answer 8

ext3

Question 9

An improved version of the ext3 filesystem, with an extended feature set and better performance.

Answer 9

ext4

Question 10

A partition on an MBR-based hard disk or SSD that can be further subdivided into components called logical drives.

Answer 10

extended partition

Question 11

The way in which a hard disk drive or SSD partition is formatted to allow data to reside on the physical media; common Linux filesystems include ext2, ext3, ext4, XFS, and VFAT.

Answer 11

filesystem

Question 12

The area of a large hard disk (> 2TB) outside a partition that stores partition information. ____ are used on most modern hard disks and SSDs.

Answer 12

GUID Partition Table (GPT)

Question 13

A list of hardware components that have been tested and deemed compatible with a given operating system.

Answer 13

Hardware Compatibility List (HCL)

Question 14

A set of local, easy-to-read command syntax documentation available by typing the info command-line utility.

Answer 14

info pages

Question 15

A file that contains the content of a DVD. __________ of Linux installation media can be downloaded from the Internet.

Answer 15

ISO image

Question 16

A filesystem function that keeps track of the information that needs to be written to the hard disk or SSD in a journal; common Linux _______ filesystems include ext3, ext4, and XFS.

Answer 16

journaling

Question 17

Linux installation media that provides a fully functional Linux operating system in RAM prior to installation on permanent storage.

Answer 17

live media

Question 18

The smaller partitions contained within an extended partition on an MBR-based hard disk or SSD.

Answer 18

logical drives

Question 19

A set of software components within Linux that can be used to manage the storage of information across several hard disks on a Linux system.

Answer 19

Logical Volume Manager (LVM)

Question 20

The most common set of local command syntax documentation, available by typing the man command-line utility. Also known as man pages.

Answer 20

manual pages

Question 21

The area of a typical hard disk (< 2TB) outside a partition that stores partition information.

Answer 21

Master Boot Record (MBR)

Question 22

A common RAM-checking utility.

Answer 22

memtest86

Question 23

The key combinations that have special meaning in the Linux operating system.

Answer 23

metacharacters

Question 24

A major section of an NVMe SSD that can be partitioned.

Answer 24

namespace

Question 25

A modern SSDs technology that allows for very fast data transfer directly to the PCIe bus on the computer.

Answer 25

Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe)

Question 26

The specific letters that start with a dash (-) or two and appear after the command name to alter the way the command works.

Answer 26

options

Question 27

A legacy hard disk technology that uses ribbon cables to typically attach up to four hard disk devices to a single computer.

Answer 27

Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA)

Question 28

A physical division of a hard disk or SSD.

Answer 28

partitions

Question 29

The separate divisions into which an MBR-based hard disk or SSD can be divided (up to four are allowed per hard disk).

Answer 29

primary partitions

Question 30

A type of storage that can be used to combine hard disks together for performance and/or fault tolerance.

Answer 30

Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)

Question 31

A technology that allows for fast data transfer along a serial cable for hard disks and SSDs. It is commonly used in newer workstation and server-class computers.

Answer 31

Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA)

Question 32

A high-performance SCSI technology that is commonly used for hard disks and SSDs in modern server-class computers.

Answer 32

Serial Attached SCSI (SAS)

Question 33

A user interface that accepts input from the user and passes the input to the kernel for processing.

Answer 33

shell

Question 34

A high-performance hard disk technology that is commonly used in legacy server-class computers.

Answer 34

Small Computer Systems Interface (SCSI)

Question 35

A type of disk drive that functions within a computer like a hard disk drive but instead uses fast flash memory chips to store data.

Answer 35

solid-state drive (SSD)

Question 36

The channel that allows a certain user to log in and communicate with the kernel via a user interface. It is also the name of the graphical application that is used to obtain a BASH shell within the macOS desktop.

Answer 36

terminal

Question 37

A small partition that is created by an operating system installation program to store boot-related files on a computer that has a UEFI BIOS.

Answer 37

UEFI System Partition

Question 38

A feature-rich BIOS replacement used in modern computers.

Answer 38

Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI)

Question 39

A non journaling filesystem that might be used in Linux.

Answer 39

VFAT (Virtual File Allocation Table)

Question 40

An operating system that runs virtualization software.

Answer 40

virtual machine host

Question 41

An area on a hard disk or SSD (swap partition) that can be used to store information that normally resides in physical memory (RAM), if the physical memory is being used excessively.

Answer 41

virtual memory

Question 42

A set of programs that can be used to concurrently run an operating system within another operating system.

Answer 42

virtualization software

Question 43

A high-performance journaling filesystem used in Linux.

Answer 43

XFS