Chapter 8: Synovial Joints

Question 1

Synovial Joints characteristics

Answer 1

Contains fluid

Allows considerable movement

Make up most of the joints in the appendicular skeleton

They are complex compared to other structural joints

Not a lot of blood vessels or nerves, relies on diffusion.

Question 2

articular cartilage

Answer 2

the cartilage at the end of the bones within the joint

Question 3

joint cavity

Answer 3

synovial; encloses articular surfaces

Question 4

what are the two parts of the joint capsule?

Answer 4

fibrous capsule

synovial membrane and fluid

Question 5

fibrous capsule

Answer 5

dense irregular connective tissue that is continuous with the fibrous layer of the periosteum; portions may thicken to form ligaments

Question 6

synovial membrane and fluid

Answer 6

membrane lines inside of joint capsule except at actualy articulation or articular cartilages. It is thin and delicate. Sometimes separated from fibrous capsule by C.T. and fat, othertimes merged with fibrous.

Question 7

synovial fluid

Answer 7

the fluid within synovial joints; made of polysaccharides, fats, protein, and cells. Hyaluronic acid - slippery.

Question 8

Bursae

Answer 8

pockets of synovial membrane and fluid that extend the joint. Found in areas of friction

Question 9

bursitis

Question 10

articular discs

Question 11

menisci

Question 12

tendon sheaths

Question 13

How do ligaments and tendons function in joints?

Answer 13

Ligaments reduce movement and tendons connect muscles to the bones; mainly for stabilization.

Question 14

what are the six types of synovial joints?

Answer 14

planar

saddle

ball and socket

hing

ellipsoid

pivot

Question 15

uniaxial

Answer 15

occuring around one axis

Question 16

biaxial

Answer 16

occuring around two axis

Question 17

multiaxial

Answer 17

occuring around several axis

Question 18

planar joint

Answer 18

uniaxial joint that glides or slides. Some rotation possible but limited by surrounding strictures. (bending forward or backwards)

Question 19

hinge joint

Answer 19

uniaxial joint that is a concave surface working with a convex surface. (Elbow joint)

Question 20

Pivot joint

Answer 20

Uniaxial joint that is a rotational around a single axis. (Example is the disto radioulna sp?)

Question 21

Ellipsoid (Condyloid) joint

Answer 21

a biaxial joint. Modified ball and socket joint. Articular surfaces are ellipsoid. (Example atlantaoccipital joint).

Question 22

ball and socket joint

Answer 22

multiaxial. Example is the shoulder and hip joints

Question 23

saddle joints

Answer 23

biaxial joint; it is two concave surfaces that come together in a saddle. (Example the thumb joint)