Chapter 8 Study Guide

Question 1

What are autotrophs?

Answer 1

Organisms that use the sun as food.

Question 2

What are heterotrophs?

Answer 2

Organisms that use other organisms as food.

Question 3

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 3

Adenosine triphosphate.

Question 4

What is Adenosine triphosphate?

Answer 4

Adenosine triphosphate is a chemical compound used to release and store energy.

Question 5

What are the parts of ATP?

Answer 5

Adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups.

Question 6

How is energy released?

Answer 6

Breaking high energy bonds.

Question 7

What is ADP?

Answer 7

ADP is ATP with only two phosphate groups.

Question 8

Why is ATP useful?

Answer 8

It can power many cell functions.

Question 9

What is the basic energy for all cells?

Answer 9

Adenosine triphosphate. (ATP)

Question 10

What is an example of something that ATP powers in a cell?

Answer 10

Sodium-potassium pumps.

Question 11

What is the relation of ATP and Glucose in energy?

Answer 11

Glucose stores more energy for longer than ATP, too amount to more than 90 times more than ATP.

Question 12

What did Van Helmont discover?

Answer 12

Van Helmont concluded that trees gain most of their mass from water.

Question 13

What did Priestly discover?

Answer 13

Priestly discovered that plants release substances required for burning, which we know today as oxygen.

Question 14

What did Ingenhousz discover?

Answer 14

Ingenhousz discovered that plants need sunlight to produce oxygen.

Question 15

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 15

A series of reactions that uses light energy from the sun to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars and oxygen.

Question 16

What is the photosynthesis equation?

Answer 16

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

Six Carbon Dioxide + Six Water → Sugars + Six Oxygen

Question 17

What does photosynthesis require other than water, carbon dioxide, and light?

Answer 17

Pigments.

Question 18

What is the main pigment that plants use?

Answer 18

Chlorophyll.

Question 19

What are pigments?

Answer 19

Sun absorbing molecules.

Question 20

Why are plants green?

Answer 20

Plants are green because chlorophyll doesn’t absorb green light very well, and reflects it back at our eyes.

Question 21

What are thylakoids?

Answer 21

Thylakoids are saclike photosynthetic membranes.

Question 22

What are grana?

Answer 22

Stacks of thylakoids.

Question 23

What do thylakoids do?

Answer 23

Thylakoids have proteins that organize chlorophyll and other pigments into clusters known as photosystems.

Question 24

What are photosystems?

Answer 24

Light collecting units of the chloroplast.

Question 25

What is the stroma?

Answer 25

The region outside the thylakoid membranes.

Question 26

Where do light-dependent reactions take place?

Answer 26

In the thylakoid membranes.

Question 27

Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

Answer 27

In the stroma.

Question 28

What is another name for the Calvin cycle?

Answer 28

Light-independent reactions.

Question 29

What happens when chlorophyll absorbs light?

Answer 29

Lots of the energy is transferred to chlorophyll’s electrons.

Question 30

What do high energy electrons need to be transported?

Answer 30

Special carriers like NADP⁺.

Question 31

What are carrier molecules?

Answer 31

A compound that can accept a pair of electrons and transport them and most of their energy to another molecule.

Question 32

What is the electron transport chain?

Answer 32

All of the carrier molecules.

Question 33

What is NADP⁺?

Answer 33

A carrier molecule. NADP⁺ stands for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.

Question 34

What is the purpose NADP⁺?

Answer 34

To hold two high energy electrons and a hydrogen ion (H⁺). This Converts NADP⁺ into NADPH.

Question 35

What is the purpose of NADPH?

Answer 35

To carry high energy electrons produced by light absorption in chlorophyll to chemical reactions elsewhere in the cell.

Question 36

What is the purpose of the high energy electrons that NADPH carry?

Answer 36

To help build a variety of molecules, including glucose.