Chapter 8 - Structures and Nomenclature Flashcards
what is organic chemistry
the study of hydrocarbons. Molecules made of only carbon and hydrogen
What is an alkane
- n,2n+2
- contain only single bonds
- saturated
what is an alkene
- n,2n
- at least 1 C-C double bond
- unsaturated
what is an alkyne
- n,2n-2
- at least one C-C triple bond
- unsaturated
what is an alcohol
- OH(hydroxy group)
- suffix is -ol
- prefix is hydroxy-
what is an aldehyde
-COH (terminal carbonyl group)
-suffix is -al, -aldehyde
MUST BE ON A TERMINAL CARBON
what is a ketone
-CO(middle carbonyl group)
-suffix is -one
MUST BE ON A MIDDLE CARBON
what is a carboxylic acid
- COOH(carboxyl group)
- suffix is -oic acid
- they are weak acids
what is an ester
-COO(ester group)
-named by…
#alcohol-yl #carbox acid-oate
what is an amine
- NHH(amino group)
- suffix is -amine
- prefix is amino-
what is an amide
- CONHH(amide group)
- suffix is -amide
- made by reacting POOOPOOOO
how do you draw structures with functional groups?
-draw out number of carbons
-add functional group
-add hydrogens
JUST MAKE SURE THAT ISOMERS ALWAYS HAVE THE SAME NO. OF CARBONS
hierarchy of functional groups
Carboxyl Ester Amide Hydroxyl Amine Alkenes Halides
What are the different types of alcohols
Primary (C-OH connected to 1 other C)
Secondary (C-OH connected to 2 other C)
Tertiary (C-OH connected to 3 other C)
