Chapter 8 - States of Matter Flashcards
What is an endothermic change?
A change of state in which the substance gains energy as it changes state.
What is an exothermic change?
A change of state in which the energy is removed from the substance as it changes state.
What are some examples of an exothermic change?
- Freezing
2. Condensation
What are some examples of an endothermic change? (3 Things)
- Melting
- Evaporation
- Sublimation
What is sublimation?
A change of state in which a substance’s particles go from a solid (particles are moving slowly, being very close together, having a lot of attraction between them) to a gas (particles have no attraction between them, move very quickly, and move independently) very quickly
Describe a solid in terms of shape and volume.
Shape: Definite
Volume: Definite
Describe a liquid in terms of shape and volume.
Shape: Indefinite; particles slide past each other and take the shape of their container.
Volume: Definite
Describe a gas in terms of shape and volume.
Shape: Indefinite - particles take the shape of their container.
Volume: Indefinite - the volume of the same amount of gas can change.
Describe a solid in terms of particle movement and energy level.
Solid
Particle movement: Particles do not move fast enough to overcome the attraction between them; particles vibrate and are locked in place
Energy level: Low
Describe a liquid in terms of particle movement and energy level.
Liquid
Particle movement: Particles move fast enough to overcome some of the attraction between them; particles are able to slide past each other and take the shape of their container
Energy level: Medium
Describe a gas in terms of particle movement and energy level.
Gas
Particle movement: Particle move fast enough to overcome all of the attraction between them; particles are spread out and move independently
Energy level: High
What is a crystalline solid?
A solid whose particles are arranged in an orderly, three-dimensional, repeating pattern.
What is an amorphous solid?
A solid whose particles do not have a specific pattern or arrangement.
What is the viscosity of a liquid?
The ability of a liquid to pour - a measure of how fast a liquid flows
What makes a liquid have a high viscosity?
What makes a liquid have a low viscosity?
When its particles have a large amount of attraction between them.
When its particles have a small amount of attraction between them.