Chapter 14 - Chemical Compounds Flashcards
When acids dissolve in water, molecules break apart from the acid to form ______ , which react with the water to form ______
Hydrogen ions (H+) Hydronium Ions(H3O+)
Acids increase the concentration of ______ when dissolved in water
Hydronium (H3O+)
When a base dissolves in water, molecules break apart to form _____
Hydroxide ions (HO-)
Bases increase the concentration of ______ when dissolved in water
Hydroxide ions (OH-)
Acids have a ______ taste.
Sour
Acids have a pH ______
Below 7
Acids turn ______ litmus paper ______
Blue
Red
Acids corrode with ______ to form ______
Metals
Hydrogen gas
Name uses of acids
Areas of Industry and homes, including:
- Keeps swimming pools free of algae
- Stomach acids
- Orange juice and lemon juice
- Vinegar
Acids (can, cannot) conduct electric current when dissolved in water. Why or why not?
Can; hydronium ions are formed when an acid dissolves in water. They can move freely past each other and conduct electric current.
Most acids are ______, meaning they destroy, clothing, body tissue, etc.
Corrosive
Bases have a ______ taste
Bitter
Bases have a ______ feel
Slippery
Bases have a pH ______
Above 7
Bases change ______ Litmus paper ______
Red
Blue
Solutions of bases (can, cannot) conduct electric current. Why?
Solutions of bases increase the number of hydroxide ions in a solution. They can move freely past one another and conduct electric current.
Name 4 uses of bases
- Soap
- Anti-acids
- Bleach
- Cleaning agents (ammonia)
When a base reacts with an acid, a ______ occurs. This forms ______ (a ______ substance) and a ______
Neutralization reaction
Water
Neutral
Salt
Neutral substances (such as ______) have a pH of ______
Water
7
When all the molecules of an acid break apart to form hydrogen ions (which will then form hydroium ions)when dissolved in water, the acid is considered a ______ acid.
Strong
When only a few the molecules of an acid break apart to form hydrogen ions (which will then form hydroium ions)when dissolved in water, the acid is considered a ______ acid.
Weak
When all the molecules of a base break apart to form hydroxide ions when dissolved in water, the acid is considered a ______ base.
Strong
When only some of the molecules of a base break apart to form hydroxide ions when dissolved in water, the acid is considered a ______ base.
Weak
The pH scale is a measure of the _____ concentration in a solution
Hydronium ion concentration
If the hydronium ion concentration of a substance increases, then its pH does what? Why?
Decreases - Increasing hydronium concentration makes a substance more acidic, which decreases its pH
If the hydronium ion concentration of a substance decreases, then its pH does what? Why?
Increase - If the hydronium ion concentration decreases, then the substance is less acidic/more basic, which increases its pH.
Substances that change color in the presence of an acid or base are called what?
Indicators
Ionic compounds contain _____ bonds ( _____)
Ionic
An attraction between oppositely charged ions
Ionic compounds can be formed by the reaction of a _____ and a _____. Why?
Metal
Nonmetal
When electrons are transferred from the metal atoms to the nonmetal atoms, the metal atoms lose an electron, making them positively charged ions. The nonmetal atoms gain an electron, making them negatively charged ions. The attraction between oppositely charged ions form ionic bonds, making it an ionic compound.
The molecules of an ionic compound are arranged in a _____ ( _____ pattern)
Crystal lattice structure
Repeating
Because the molecules of ionic compounds are arranged in a crystal lattice structure, ionic compounds are _____, meaning they _____ when hit
Brittle
Break apart
_____ bonds are stronger than _____ bonds
Ionic
Covalent
Ionic compounds have _____ melting and boiling points. Why?
High
Strong ionic bond require more energy is needed to separate the molecules
Ionic compounds are _____ soluble, so they (can, cannot) dissolve in water easily
Highly
Can
The solution that forms when an ionic compound is dissolved in water (can, cannot) conduct electric current. Why?
Can
Ions are able to move past each other freely when dissolved in water
Covalent compounds form when…
A group of atoms share electrons
Covalent compounds consist of _____ bonds, which are _____ than ionic bonds
Covalent
Weaker
A covalent compound is made of groups of atoms called _____ ( _____)
Molecules
The smallest particle into which a covalently bonded compound can be divided and still be the same compound
A covalent compound can be formed by the reaction of a _____ and a _____
Nonmetal
Nonmetal
Covalent compounds have (high, low) melting points. Why?
Low
Weak covalent bonds require less energy needed to separate the molecules.
Covalent compounds have (high, low) solubility, meaning they (can, cannot) dissolve in water very well.
Low
Cannot
Covalent compounds (can, cannot) conduct electric current when dissolved in water. Why?
Can
Some covalent compounds such as acids and other ionic solutions form ions that can move freely past each other when dissolved in water.
