Chapter 14 - Chemical Compounds

Question 1

When acids dissolve in water, molecules break apart from the acid to form ______ , which react with the water to form ______

Answer 1

Hydrogen ions (H+)
Hydronium Ions(H3O+)

Question 2

Acids increase the concentration of ______ when dissolved in water

Answer 2

Hydronium (H3O+)

Question 3

When a base dissolves in water, molecules break apart to form _____

Answer 3

Hydroxide ions (HO-)

Question 4

Bases increase the concentration of ______ when dissolved in water

Answer 4

Hydroxide ions (OH-)

Question 5

Acids have a ______ taste.

Answer 5

Sour

Question 6

Acids have a pH ______

Answer 6

Below 7

Question 7

Acids turn ______ litmus paper ______

Answer 7

Blue

Red

Question 8

Acids corrode with ______ to form ______

Answer 8

Metals

Hydrogen gas

Question 9

Name uses of acids

Answer 9

Areas of Industry and homes, including:

1. Keeps swimming pools free of algae
2. Stomach acids
3. Orange juice and lemon juice
4. Vinegar

Question 10

Acids (can, cannot) conduct electric current when dissolved in water. Why or why not?

Answer 10

Can; hydronium ions are formed when an acid dissolves in water. They can move freely past each other and conduct electric current.

Question 11

Most acids are ______, meaning they destroy, clothing, body tissue, etc.

Answer 11

Corrosive

Question 12

Bases have a ______ taste

Answer 12

Bitter

Question 13

Bases have a ______ feel

Answer 13

Slippery

Question 14

Bases have a pH ______

Answer 14

Above 7

Question 15

Bases change ______ Litmus paper ______

Answer 15

Red

Blue

Question 16

Solutions of bases (can, cannot) conduct electric current. Why?

Answer 16

Solutions of bases increase the number of hydroxide ions in a solution. They can move freely past one another and conduct electric current.

Question 17

Name 4 uses of bases

Answer 17

1. Soap
2. Anti-acids
3. Bleach
4. Cleaning agents (ammonia)

Question 18

When a base reacts with an acid, a ______ occurs. This forms ______ (a ______ substance) and a ______

Answer 18

Neutralization reaction
Water
Neutral
Salt

Question 19

Neutral substances (such as ______) have a pH of ______

Answer 19

Water

7

Question 20

When all the molecules of an acid break apart to form hydrogen ions (which will then form hydroium ions)when dissolved in water, the acid is considered a ______ acid.

Answer 20

Strong

Question 21

When only a few the molecules of an acid break apart to form hydrogen ions (which will then form hydroium ions)when dissolved in water, the acid is considered a ______ acid.

Answer 21

Weak

Question 22

When all the molecules of a base break apart to form hydroxide ions when dissolved in water, the acid is considered a ______ base.

Answer 22

Strong

Question 23

When only some of the molecules of a base break apart to form hydroxide ions when dissolved in water, the acid is considered a ______ base.

Answer 23

Weak

Question 24

The pH scale is a measure of the _____ concentration in a solution

Answer 24

Hydronium ion concentration

Question 25

If the hydronium ion concentration of a substance increases, then its pH does what? Why?

Answer 25

Decreases - Increasing hydronium concentration makes a substance more acidic, which decreases its pH

Question 26

If the hydronium ion concentration of a substance decreases, then its pH does what? Why?

Answer 26

Increase - If the hydronium ion concentration decreases, then the substance is less acidic/more basic, which increases its pH.

Question 27

Substances that change color in the presence of an acid or base are called what?

Answer 27

Indicators

Question 28

Ionic compounds contain _____ bonds ( _____)

Answer 28

Ionic | An attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 29

Ionic compounds can be formed by the reaction of a _____ and a _____. Why?

Answer 29

Metal Nonmetal When electrons are transferred from the metal atoms to the nonmetal atoms, the metal atoms lose an electron, making them positively charged ions. The nonmetal atoms gain an electron, making them negatively charged ions. The attraction between oppositely charged ions form ionic bonds, making it an ionic compound.

Question 30

The molecules of an ionic compound are arranged in a _____ ( _____ pattern)

Answer 30

Crystal lattice structure | Repeating

Question 31

Because the molecules of ionic compounds are arranged in a crystal lattice structure, ionic compounds are _____, meaning they _____ when hit

Answer 31

Brittle | Break apart

Question 32

_____ bonds are stronger than _____ bonds

Answer 32

Ionic | Covalent

Question 33

Ionic compounds have _____ melting and boiling points. Why?

Answer 33

High | Strong ionic bond require more energy is needed to separate the molecules

Question 34

Ionic compounds are _____ soluble, so they (can, cannot) dissolve in water easily

Answer 34

Highly | Can

Question 35

The solution that forms when an ionic compound is dissolved in water (can, cannot) conduct electric current. Why?

Answer 35

Can | Ions are able to move past each other freely when dissolved in water

Question 36

Covalent compounds form when...

Answer 36

A group of atoms share electrons

Question 37

Covalent compounds consist of _____ bonds, which are _____ than ionic bonds

Answer 37

Covalent | Weaker

Question 38

A covalent compound is made of groups of atoms called _____ ( _____)

Answer 38

Molecules | The smallest particle into which a covalently bonded compound can be divided and still be the same compound

Question 39

A covalent compound can be formed by the reaction of a _____ and a _____

Answer 39

Nonmetal | Nonmetal

Question 40

Covalent compounds have (high, low) melting points. Why?

Answer 40

Low | Weak covalent bonds require less energy needed to separate the molecules.

Question 41

Covalent compounds have (high, low) solubility, meaning they (can, cannot) dissolve in water very well.

Answer 41

Low | Cannot

Question 42

Covalent compounds (can, cannot) conduct electric current when dissolved in water. Why?

Answer 42

Can Some covalent compounds such as acids and other ionic solutions form ions that can move freely past each other when dissolved in water.