Chapter 8 Sleep/Wake

Question 1

zieteberger

Answer 1

“time giver”

stimulus that resets circ. ryth.

Question 2

suprachasmatic nucleus

Answer 2

main control center of cercryth and sleep wake
part of hypothalamus
controls penal gland

Question 3

orexin (hypocretin)

Answer 3

peptide regulates wakefulness and arousal
once awake keeps awake
lack of form narcalepsy- fall asleep when aroused

Question 4

recticular formation

Answer 4

responsable for arousal

Question 5

Alpha waves

Answer 5

relaxation

Question 6

K-complex

Answer 6

a sharp wave associated with

temporary inhibition of neuronal firing

Question 7

slow wave sleep (SWS)

Answer 7

stage 3 and 4
EEG recording of slow, large amplitude wave
Slowing of heart rate, breathing rate, and
brain activity
Highly synchronized neuronal activity

Question 8

pontomesencephalon

Answer 8

contributes to cortical arousal
Stimulation of the pontomesencephalon
awakens sleeping individuals and increases
alertness in those already awake

Question 9

locus coeruleus

Answer 9

small structure
in the pons whose axons release
norepinephrine to arouse various areas of
the cortex and increase wakefulness

Question 10

GABA

Answer 10

inhibitory

basal forbrain

Question 11

acetylcholine

Answer 11

excitatory

basal forbrain

Question 12

inhibitory neurotransmitters

Answer 12

GABA

seritonin

Question 13

excitatory neurotransmitters

Answer 13

acetylcholine
histamine
orexin

Question 14

PGO waves

Answer 14

REM sleep

high-amplitude electrical potentials

Question 15

sleep apnea

Answer 15

inability to breathe while sleeping for a

prolonged period of time

Question 16

Narcolepsy

Answer 16

frequent periods of sleepiness
– Gradual or sudden attack of sleepiness
– Occasional cataplexy: muscle weakness
triggered by strong emotions

Question 17

Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis

Answer 17

Suggests that dreams begin with
spontaneous activity in the pons

– The cortex synthesizes a story from the
pattern of activation
– Normal sensory information is sometimes
integrated, but usually is not

Question 18

The Clinico-Anatomical Hypothesis

Answer 18

less emphasis on the pons, PGO
waves, or even REM sleep

Suggests that dreams are similar to thinking,
just under unusual circumstances

Stimulation is combined with recent memories
and information from the senses