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Bio Basics of Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

half of PNS
controls self regulated actions of internal organs and glands
2 parts: sympathetic and parasympathetic

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2
Q

basal ganglia

A

forbrain

a group of structures linked to the thalamus in the base of the brain and involved in coordination of movement

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3
Q

brainstem

A

controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of the body
controls basic body functions such as breathing, Midbrain. Pons. Medulla Oblongata

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4
Q

central nervous system

A

brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

central sulcus

A

separating the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe

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6
Q

cerebellum

A

hindbrain

balance

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7
Q

cerebral cortex

A

the outer layer of the cerebrum, composed of folded gray matter
important role in consciousness

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8
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spine
produced in ventricles of the brain
acts as a cushion or buffer for the brain’s cortex protection to the brain inside the skull

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9
Q

computerized axial tomography

A

CAT scan

inject color into blood and take xrays

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10
Q

corpus callosum

A

a broad band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres of the brain

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11
Q

cranial nerves

A

Allow the medulla to control sensations from
the head, muscle movements in the head,
and many parasympathetic outputs

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12
Q

electroencephalograph

A

EEG
records electromagnetic activity
best temporal resolution

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13
Q

evoked potentials

A

recorded from the nervous system following presentation of a stimulus
detected by EEG

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14
Q

forebrain

A 
most prominent part of brain, with two cerebral
hemispheres
outer portion is known as the “cerebral
cortex”
thalamus 
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
hippocampus
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15
Q

frontal lobe

A

executive, motor, working memory, personality
speech production
*speech and language

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16
Q

fMRI

A

Functional magnetic resonance imaging
oxygen consumption in the brain provides moving, detailed picture
comparison tasks are used
**best spatial pictures

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17
Q

gray matter

A

layered (6)

each layer serves different function

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18
Q

hindbrain

A

medula, pons, cerebellum

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19
Q

hippocampus

A

forms part of the limbic system and is primarily associated with memory and spatial navigation
temporal lobe

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20
Q

hypothalamus

A

produces releasing and inhibiting hormones, which stop and start the production of other hormones throughout the body
plays a significant role in the endocrine system.

21
Q

inferior colliculus

A

midbrain

hearing

22
Q

laminae

A

layers

23
Q

limbic system

A

*basic emotions and drives
Consists of a number of other interlinked
structures that form a border around the
brainstem
– Includes the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus,
hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus
of the cerebral cortex
– Associated with motivation emotions, such as
eating, drinking, sexual activity, anxiety, and
aggression

24
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

apply powerful magnetic field to image the brain

25
Q

MEG

A

magnetoencephalograph
measures magnetic field generated by the brain
records deeper structures

26
Q

medulla

A

hindbrain

heartrate, breathing

27
Q

midbrain

A

vision, hearing, moter control, temp reg
superier colliculus
inferier colliculus
sunsancia nigra

28
Q

nucleus basalis

A 
Forebrain
input from the hypothalamus and
basal ganglia
Sends axons that release acetylcholine to the
cerebral cortex
arousal, wakefulness, and
attention
29
Q

Occipital lobe

A

primary visual cortex

30
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

conserves energy, calming

31
Q

PNS

A

peripheral nervous system
broken into autonomic and somatic
connects brain and spinal cord to rest of the body

32
Q

parietal lobe

A 
**body sensations
Contains the postcentral gyrus (“primary
somatosensory cortex”)
information about eye, head,
and body positions from information sent
from muscles and joints
33
Q

phrenology

A

process of relating skull anatomy to behavior

1 of 1st ways to study the brain

34
Q

pituitary gland

A

hormone-producing gland

found at the base of the hypothalamus

35
Q

PET

A

positron-emission tomography

emission of radioactivity from injected radioactive chemicals to produce high-resolution image

36
Q

postcentral gyrus

A

Primary target for touch sensations and
information from muscle-stretch receptors and
joint receptors

37
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

the integration center for all
sensory information and other areas of the
cortex

38
Q

somatic nervous system

A

controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

axons transferring info from sensory organs to CNS

39
Q

stereotaxic instrument

A

used to damage

structures in the interior of the brain

40
Q

substantia nigra

A

gives rise to the dopamine containing
pathway facilitating readiness for
movement

41
Q

superior colliculus

A

processes sensory information

42
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

arousing

defense mechanism

43
Q

tectum

A

roof of the midbrain

44
Q

tegmentum

A

contains nuclei for cranial nerves

and part of the reticular formation

45
Q

temporal lobe

A

Target for auditory information and essential

for processing spoken language

46
Q

thalamus

A

relay station from the sensory

organs; main source of input to the cortex

47
Q

ventral

A

Toward the stomach, away from the dorsal (back) side

48
Q

ventricles

A

Four fluid-filled cavities within the brain’s

central canal containing cerebrospinal fluid

49
Q

white matter

A

composed mostly of myelinated
axons that carries information from the gray
matter to the brain or other areas of the spinal
cord

Bio Basics of Psychology (9 decks)

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