Chapter 3

Question 1

autonomic nervous system

Answer 1

half of PNS
controls self regulated actions of internal organs and glands
2 parts: sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 2

basal ganglia

Answer 2

forbrain

a group of structures linked to the thalamus in the base of the brain and involved in coordination of movement

Question 3

brainstem

Answer 3

controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of the body
controls basic body functions such as breathing, Midbrain. Pons. Medulla Oblongata

Question 4

central nervous system

Answer 4

brain and spinal cord

Question 5

central sulcus

Answer 5

separating the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe

Question 6

cerebellum

Answer 6

hindbrain

balance

Question 7

cerebral cortex

Answer 7

the outer layer of the cerebrum, composed of folded gray matter
important role in consciousness

Question 8

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 8

clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spine
produced in ventricles of the brain
acts as a cushion or buffer for the brain’s cortex protection to the brain inside the skull

Question 9

computerized axial tomography

Answer 9

CAT scan

inject color into blood and take xrays

Question 10

corpus callosum

Answer 10

a broad band of nerve fibers joining the two hemispheres of the brain

Question 11

cranial nerves

Answer 11

Allow the medulla to control sensations from
the head, muscle movements in the head,
and many parasympathetic outputs

Question 12

electroencephalograph

Answer 12

EEG
records electromagnetic activity
best temporal resolution

Question 13

evoked potentials

Answer 13

recorded from the nervous system following presentation of a stimulus
detected by EEG

Question 14

forebrain

Answer 14

most prominent part of brain, with two cerebral
hemispheres
outer portion is known as the “cerebral
cortex”
thalamus 
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
hippocampus

Question 15

frontal lobe

Answer 15

executive, motor, working memory, personality
speech production
*speech and language

Question 16

fMRI

Answer 16

Functional magnetic resonance imaging
oxygen consumption in the brain provides moving, detailed picture
comparison tasks are used
**best spatial pictures

Question 17

gray matter

Answer 17

layered (6)

each layer serves different function

Question 18

hindbrain

Answer 18

medula, pons, cerebellum

Question 19

hippocampus

Answer 19

forms part of the limbic system and is primarily associated with memory and spatial navigation
temporal lobe

Question 20

hypothalamus

Answer 20

produces releasing and inhibiting hormones, which stop and start the production of other hormones throughout the body
plays a significant role in the endocrine system.

Question 21

inferior colliculus

Answer 21

midbrain

hearing

Question 22

laminae

Answer 22

layers

Question 23

limbic system

Answer 23

*basic emotions and drives
Consists of a number of other interlinked
structures that form a border around the
brainstem
– Includes the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus,
hippocampus, amygdala, and cingulate gyrus
of the cerebral cortex
– Associated with motivation emotions, such as
eating, drinking, sexual activity, anxiety, and
aggression

Question 24

MRI

Answer 24

magnetic resonance imaging

apply powerful magnetic field to image the brain

Question 25

MEG

Answer 25

magnetoencephalograph measures magnetic field generated by the brain records deeper structures

Question 26

medulla

Answer 26

hindbrain | heartrate, breathing

Question 27

midbrain

Answer 27

vision, hearing, moter control, temp reg superier colliculus inferier colliculus sunsancia nigra

Question 28

nucleus basalis

Answer 28

``` Forebrain input from the hypothalamus and basal ganglia Sends axons that release acetylcholine to the cerebral cortex arousal, wakefulness, and attention ```

Question 29

Occipital lobe

Answer 29

primary visual cortex

Question 30

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 30

conserves energy, calming

Question 31

PNS

Answer 31

peripheral nervous system broken into autonomic and somatic connects brain and spinal cord to rest of the body

Question 32

parietal lobe

Answer 32

``` **body sensations Contains the postcentral gyrus (“primary somatosensory cortex”) information about eye, head, and body positions from information sent from muscles and joints ```

Question 33

phrenology

Answer 33

process of relating skull anatomy to behavior | 1 of 1st ways to study the brain

Question 34

pituitary gland

Answer 34

hormone-producing gland | found at the base of the hypothalamus

Question 35

PET

Answer 35

positron-emission tomography | emission of radioactivity from injected radioactive chemicals to produce high-resolution image

Question 36

postcentral gyrus

Answer 36

Primary target for touch sensations and information from muscle-stretch receptors and joint receptors

Question 37

prefrontal cortex

Answer 37

the integration center for all sensory information and other areas of the cortex

Question 38

somatic nervous system

Answer 38

controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles | axons transferring info from sensory organs to CNS

Question 39

stereotaxic instrument

Answer 39

used to damage | structures in the interior of the brain

Question 40

substantia nigra

Answer 40

gives rise to the dopamine containing pathway facilitating readiness for movement

Question 41

superior colliculus

Answer 41

processes sensory information

Question 42

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 42

arousing | defense mechanism

Question 43

tectum

Answer 43

roof of the midbrain

Question 44

tegmentum

Answer 44

contains nuclei for cranial nerves | and part of the reticular formation

Question 45

temporal lobe

Answer 45

Target for auditory information and essential | for processing spoken language

Question 46

thalamus

Answer 46

relay station from the sensory | organs; main source of input to the cortex

Question 47

ventral

Answer 47

Toward the stomach, away from the dorsal (back) side

Question 48

ventricles

Answer 48

Four fluid-filled cavities within the brain’s | central canal containing cerebrospinal fluid

Question 49

white matter

Answer 49

composed mostly of myelinated axons that carries information from the gray matter to the brain or other areas of the spinal cord