Chapter 2

Question 1

anterier pituitary

Answer 1

Part of pituitary gland
Physiological processes: stress, growth, reproduction and lactation
Can measure hormone levels

Question 2

Posterior Pituitary

Answer 2

Site for the secretion of neurohypophysial hormones (oxytocin and vasopressin) directly into the blood
Collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus
not glandular

Question 3

exocytosis

Answer 3

materials are exported out of the cell via secretory vesicles

Question 4

neuromodulators

Answer 4

a messenger released from a neuron in the central nervous system, or in the periphery, that affects groups of neurons, or effector cells that have the appropriate receptors

Question 5

neuropeptides

Answer 5

are small protein-like molecules (peptides) used by neurons to communicate with each other
hormones?

Question 6

nitric oxide

Answer 6

is a gas that is inhaled. It works by relaxing smooth muscle to widen (dilate) blood vessels, especially in the lungs.

Question 7

oxytocin

Answer 7

hormone, acts as neurotransmitter in the brain

sex, birth, and breastfeeding

Question 8

postsynaptic neuron

Answer 8

*after impulse
a neuron to the cell body or dendrite of which an electrical impulse is transmitted across a synaptic cleft by the release of a chemical neurotransmitter from the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron.

Question 9

presynaptic neuron

Answer 9

*before impulse
a neuron from the axon terminal of which an electrical impulse is transmitted across a synaptic cleft to the cell body or one or more dendrites of a postsynaptic neuron by the release of a chemical neurotransmitter.

Question 10

reuptake

Answer 10

the absorption by a presynaptic nerve ending of a neurotransmitter that it has secreted

Question 11

spatial summation

Answer 11

additive effect produced by many EPSPs that have been generated at many *different synapses on the same postsynaptic neuron at the same time

Question 12

temporal summation

Answer 12

additive effect produced by many EPSPs that have been generated at the *same synapse by a series of high-frequency action potentials on the presynaptic neuron

Question 13

EPSP

Answer 13

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential
increases likelihood of action potential
temporary depolarization of a membrane
occurs when synaptic input selectively opens for Na+ to enter cell

Question 14

IPSP

Answer 14

Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potential
decreases likelihood of action potential
temporary hyperpolerization of a membrane
occurs when synaptic input selectivly opens for:
*K+ to leave
*Cl- to enter