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Cosmetology > Chapter 8- Skin Disorders and Diseases > Flashcards

Chapter 8- Skin Disorders and Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Skin Cancer- ABCDE

A

A. Asymmetry-one half of the mole does not match the other half
B. Border irregularity-the edges of the mole are ragged or notched
C. Color- The color of the mole is not the same all over, there may be shades of tan, brown, black, and sometimes even patches of red, blue, or white.
D. Diameter- the mole is wider thank 1/4”
E. Evolution- the mole evolves or changes.

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2
Q

Hypertrophies of the skin

A

Hypertrophy- skin is an abnormal growth of the skin they are benign and harmless

Keratoma- acquired, superficial, thickened patch of the epidermis (hands and feet-thickening of the skin called “corns”)

Mole- small brownish spot or blemish on the skin, ranging in color from pale tan, brown, bluish black.

Skin tag- small brown colored or flesh colored outgrowth of the skin.

Verruca-“wart” caused by virus and is infectious, can spread from location to location- hypertrophy of the papillae

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3
Q

Aging skin issues
(Intrinsic factors)

A

-are skin-aging factors over which we have little control
-Genetics and Ethnicity
-Gravitational pull and constant pulling downward on the skin
-Facial expressions- the repeated movement of the face, wrinkles
-sun exposure

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4
Q

Aging skin issues
Extrinsic factors
85% of aging causes

A

-Primarily environmental factors that contribute to aging and the appearance of aging.
-Exposure to the sun
-Smoking-Overuse of alcoholic beverages
-stress
-poor nutrition
-exposure to pollution

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5
Q

The effects of the sun on the skin

A

80-85% of skin aging are caused by damaging rays from the sun

  • aging rays-deep penetrating rays that even go through a glass window
    -burning rays- sunburns, tanning of the skin and the majority of skin cancers.
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6
Q

Sunburn

A

-Epidermis
-Dermis-Hypodermis subcutaneous fat

-first. second and third degree burns

*you can actually get second degree burns from a sunburn

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7
Q

Sunscreen

A

SPF (sun protection factor) at least 15% on a daily basis
-Applied 30 min before sun exposure
-apply liberally after swimming
-Avoid children who are 6m and younger
-People prone to burning frequently
-Avoid prolonged exposure to the sun during peak hours 10am-3pm
-this is the #1 way to get premature skin aging

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8
Q

Nevus

A

“Birthmark”
-small or large malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries

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9
Q

Stain

A

-Abnormal brown-colored of red “wine” colored skin discoloration
-In a circular or irregular shape
-Presence of dark of pigment- present at or after birth, can appear during aging, diseases, or disappearance of moles, freckles, and silver spots

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10
Q

Tan

A

-The change in pigmentation of skin caused by exposure to the sun or ultraviolet light
-during tanning in the sun or in the tanning bed

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11
Q

Vitiligo

A

-A hereditary condition that causes hypopigmentation spots and splotches on the skin that often appear milky white.
-Autoimmune disease
-Skin must be protected from overexposure to the sun

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12
Q

Normal Mole

A

-Small brownish spot on the skin ranging in color from pale tan to brown or bluish black.
*This is NOT a type of skin cancer.

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13
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

More serious than Basal Cell Carcinoma- characterized by by scaly red papules or nodules, it can spread to other parts of the body and survival rate depends on the stage at diagnosis

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14
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A

most common and least severe type of skin cancer
characterized: lights or pearly nodules.

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15
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A

-Least common, but most dangerous form of skin cancer, characterized by b lack or dark brown patches on the skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged , or raised.
-least common
-100% Fatal
-Early detection and treatment 94% (five year survival)
-62% once the cancer reaches the lymph nodes

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16
Q

Retention Hyperkeratosis

A

is the hereditary tendency for acne-prone skin to retain dead cells in the follicle, forming an obstruction that clogs follicles and exacerbates inflammatory acne lesions such as papules and pustules

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17
Q

Noncomedogenic

A

which means the product has been designed and proven not to clog the follicles

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18
Q

Anaerobic

A

can not survive in the presence of oxygen

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19
Q

Closed Comedo

A

“AKA Whitehead”
(not exposed to the environment)
-Sebum remains white or cream color and not exposed to the environment
-Small bump just under the skin surface.

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20
Q

Open Comedo

A

“AKA Blackhead”
-Hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum
-Appears on the face in the (T-Zone)
(When exposed to the environment it oxidizes and turns black)

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21
Q

Lesion

A

Is a mark on the skin that may indicate an injury or damage that changes the structure of tissues or organs.

22
Q

Milia

A

-Are benign, keratin -filled cyst that appear just under the epidermis and have no visible openings

-Small sesame seeds, perfectly round in shape

(more common with newborns, can appear in all ages, around the eyes, cheeks and forehead.

23
Q

Acne

A

“Acne Vulgaris”
A skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and bacteria. (P-Acne)

24
Q

Sebaceous Cyst

A

-A large protruding pocket like lesion filled with sebum
“seen on the scalp and back, may be surgically removed by a Dermatologist”

25
Q

Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

-Skin condition caused by an inflammation of the sebaceous glands, and is often characterized by (redness, dry, or oily scaling, crusting, and or itching)

-Appears on eyebrows, beard, scalp, hairline, sides of the nose, and the middle of the forehead.

-Can be treated by application of non-fatty skin care products designed for sensitive skin.

26
Q

Rosacea

A

(Acne Rosacea)
-A chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose
(redness, and flushing-Telangiectasis
-Dilated surface blood vessels, some have papules and pustules
-Aggravated by food, caffeine, alcohol, weather
-Treated by a Dermatologist
(medication or sensitive skin care products designed for this skin issue.

27
Q

Anhidosis

A

Deficiency in perspiration or the inability to sweat, often a result of damage to autonomic nerves.
(Life threatening- medical attention required)

28
Q

Bromhidrosis

A

-Foul smelling perspiration usually noticeable in the armpits or on the feet, that is generally casued by bacteria

-Treatments (OTC) preparations, botox injections, and laser on the sweat glands affected.

29
Q

Hyperhidrosis

A

-Excessive sweating, caused by heat or general body weakness.

30
Q

Miliana Rubra

A

-Prickly heat, an acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands
(Eruption of small, red vesicles accompanied by burning, itching skin)
_Exposure to excessive heat, usually clears without medical treatment

31
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

“Pinkeye”
-Eye infection may be caused by bacteria of a virus
-Extremely contagious, medical treatment required.

32
Q

Dermatitis

A

-Any inflammatory condition of the skin

33
Q

Eczema

A

-An inflammatory, uncomfortable, and often chronic disease of the skin
-Severe inflammation and itching, scaling, of the skin
-Several types of eczema-most common atopic
-Inherited genetic disorder-not contagious
-Physical treatment-normally (OTC) Topical cortisone cream

34
Q

Herpes Simplex 1

A

-Recurring viral infection that often present as a fever blister or cold sore, although, making people have “no symptoms”
-Sore on the lips, nostrils or the parts of the face- can last up to 3 weeks. (Contagious)
-Medical treatment-Medication

35
Q

Impetigo

A

-Contagious bacterial skin infection, weeping lesions, usually caused by Staphylococcus (STAPH)
-Occurs in the face, nasal passages
-Frequent in children but can occur in all ages

36
Q

Psoriasis

A

-Skin disease- red patches, covered with silver-white scales-usually on the scalp. elbows, knees, chest and lower back.
-Rarely found on the face
-Caused by skin cells turning over faster than normal and when the condition is irritated it can cause bleeding
-Not contagious-seek medical attention

37
Q

Hyperpigmentation
Hypopigmentation

A

Hyperpigmentation- darker than normal pigmentation-dark splotches

Hypopigmentation- The absence of pigment, light or white splotches

38
Q

Lentigines

A

“Freckles”
-Small yellow/brown spots on the skin
-Skin exposed to sunlight and air
-Liver spots in adults-referred to but not related to the liver

39
Q

Chloasma

A

“Mask of Pregnancy”
-Hyperpigmentation-dark spots on the skin that are not raised, can be treated by exfoliating the skin if there is no change seek medical attention
(Cumulative sun exposure)

40
Q

Leukoderma

A

-Skin disorder/light abnormal patches caused by burn, scar, inflammation, or congenital disease that destroys the pigment on the skin
*Vitiligo and Albinism

41
Q

Albinism

A

-Congenital hypopigmentation, absence of melanin pigment in the body, including skin, hair and eyes
-Hair is silky white
-Eyes-pink and the skin is sensitive to light and ages prematurely

42
Q

Irritant Contact Dermatitis

A

“ICD”
-Occurs when irritating substances temporarily damage the epidermis

43
Q

Contact Dermatitis

A

-Inflammation of the skin caused by having contact with certain chemical or substances

44
Q

Allergic Contact Dermatitis

A

“ACD”
-An allergy to ingredients or a chemical, usually caused by repeated skin contact with the chemical

45
Q

Sensitization

A

-An allergic reaction created by repeated exposure to a chemical or a substance

46
Q

Primary Lesions
(Definition)

A

-Are lesions that are a different color than the color of the skin and or lesions that are raised above the surface of the skin

47
Q

Primary Lesions:
1.Bulla
2.Cyst/Tubercle
3.Macule
4.Nodule
5.Papule
6.Pustule
7.Tumor
8.Vesicle
9.Wheal

A

1.Bulla-large blister containing a watery fluid, similar to a vesicle
2.Cyst/Tubercle-closed abnormally developed that contains pus, semifluid, or morbid matter, above or below the skin. “A cyst can be drained of fluid and a Tubercle can not”
3.Macule-Flat spot or discoloration on the skin
4.Nodule-A solid bump larger than 0.4” that can be easily felt
5.Papule-A small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop pus
6.Pustule- Raised inflamed, papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion
7.Tumor-Abnormal mass varying in size, shape, and color. Any type of abnormal mass, not always cancer
8. Vesicle-Small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis (requires medical referral, if unknown or untreatable with OTC products
9.Wheal-An itchy, swollen lesion that can be caused by a blow, scratch, bite, or an insect or urticates (skin allergy) or the sting of a nettle (typically resolves on its own, see provider if condition last more than 3 days)

48
Q

Secondary Lesions
(Definition)

A

Characterized by piles of material on the skin surface, such as a crust, or scab, or by depressions in the skin surface, such as an ulcer.

49
Q

Secondary Lesions
1.Crust
2.Excoriation
3.Fissure
4.Keloid
5.Scale
6.Scar/Cicatrix
7.Ulcer

A

1.Crust-Dead cells that form over a wound or blemish while healing, accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal cells
2.Excoriation-Skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping
3.Fissure-Crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis
4.Keloid-A thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue. Keloids will form along any type of scar for people susceptible to them
5.Scale-Excessive dandruff, Psoriasis
6.Scar/Cicatrix-Slightly raised or depressed area of the skin that forms as a result of the healing process related to an injury or lesion
7.Ulcer-Open lesion on the skin or mucus membrane of the body accompanied by loss of skin depth and possibly weeping of fluids or pus. Requires medical referral, particularly in clients with underlying medical conditions such as Diabetes

50
Q
A

Cosmetology (12 decks)

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