Chapter 8 Skeletal System

Question 1

How many bones are in the body?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

Long Bones

Answer 2

Long bones are longer than they are wide, even small bones such as the metacarpals and finger bones are considered long bones. They include the arms, forearms, palms, fingers, thighs, legs, and instep.

Question 3

Short Bones

Answer 3

Short bones are shaped like cubes and are found primarily in the hands, wrists, feet, and ankles.

Question 4

Flat Bones

Answer 4

Flat bones are thin, flat, and curved. They form the ribs, breastbone, cranium, and bones of the shoulder girdle.

Question 5

Irregular Bones

Answer 5

Irregular bones are differently shaped and are not classified as long, short, or flat. They include the hip bones, vertebrae, and various bones in the skull.

Question 6

What are bones also called?

Answer 6

Osseous tissue

Question 7

What is the bone formation process called?

Answer 7

Ossification

Question 8

What are bone cells called?

Answer 8

Osteoblasts, they contain calcium, other minerals, and protein fibers and mature into osteocytes.

Question 9

Compact Bones

Answer 9

Dense, hard bone tissue found primarily in the shafts of long bones and on the outer surfaces of other bones.

Question 10

Haversian System

Answer 10

The haversian system consists of layers of mature osteocytes arranged in concentric circles around large blood vessels. (like a onion)

Question 11

Epiphysis

Answer 11

The enlarged ends of the long bone are the
epiphyses. The epiphysis of a bone articulates, or meets, with a second bone at a joint. Each epiphysis consists of a thin layer of compact bone overlying spongy bone. The epiphyses are covered by cartilage.

Question 12

Epiphyseal Disc

Answer 12

A growing long bone contains a band of hyaline cartilage located near its ends. This band of cartilage is the epiphyseal disc, or growth plate. It is here that longitudinal bone growth occurs.

Question 13

Medullary Cavity

Answer 13

The medullary cavity is the hollow
center of the diaphysis. In infancy, the cavity
is filled with red bone marrow for blood cell production. In the adult, the medullary cavity is filled with yellow bone marrow and functions as a storage site for fat. The inside of the medullary cavity is lined with connective tissue called the endosteum.

Question 14

Periosteum

Answer 14

The periosteum is a tough, fibrous connective
tissue membrane that covers the outside of the diaphysis. It is anchored firmly to the outside of the bone on all surfaces except the articular cartilage. The periosteum protects the bone, serves as a point of attachment for muscle, and contains the blood vessels that nourish the underlying bone.

Question 15

Articular Cartilage

Answer 15

The articular cartilage is found on the outer surface of the epiphysis. It forms a smooth, shiny surface that decreases friction within a joint.