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AP Biology 1200 > Chapter 8- Skeletal > Flashcards

Chapter 8- Skeletal Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

name all the cranial bones (8) s-p-o-t-f-e

A
  1. sphenoid
  2. parietal (2)
  3. occipital
  4. temporal (2)
  5. frontal
  6. ethmoid
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2
Q

name 14 facial bones

A
  1. nasal bones(2)
  2. inferior nasal concha (2)
  3. mandible (1)
  4. maxilla (2)
  5. zygomatic (2)
  6. lacrimal (2)
  7. vomer (1)
  8. palatine (2)
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3
Q

skull associated bones (7) m-i-s +h

A
  1. malleus (2)
  2. incus (2)
  3. stapes (2)
    hyoid bone
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4
Q

name vertebral column (26) in adults

A 
1-7 cervical
1-12 thoracic
1-5 lumbar
sacrum
coccyx
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5
Q

pectoral girdle (4)

A

2 clavicles, 2 scapulae

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6
Q

pelvic girdle (3)

A

2 hip bones (co oxae) and sacrum

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7
Q

how many bones in carpal (wrist)

A

16

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8
Q

how many bones in phalanges

A

28

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9
Q

what are the trapezium

A

thumb bone aka pollex two phalanges

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10
Q

what do you call the big toe

A

hallux

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11
Q

name the bones that fuse (6) s-m-o-c-f-o

A 
sacrum, (5) 
mandible, (2)
occipital, (2)
coccyx,  (3-5)
frontal (2) 
os coxae (3)
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12
Q

articulations and projections attach to what

A

bone, tendon, ligaments

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13
Q

depressions are?

A

furrows

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14
Q

articulations -head

A

rounded body expansion carried on a narrow neck

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15
Q

condyle

A

rounded knob that articulate with another bone

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16
Q

facet

A

small smooth flat area

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17
Q

ramus

A

branch arm like bar

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18
Q

extensions and projections- tubercle

A

small raised rounded projection

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19
Q

tuberosity

A

a rough elevated surface

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20
Q

protuberance

A

bony outgrowth or protruding part

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21
Q

trochanter

A

found on femur only; large blunt and elevation

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22
Q

epicondyle

A

projection on superior to a condyle ex. medial epicondyle on the femur

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23
Q

spine

A

relatively long thin projection or bump pointed slender projection

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24
Q

crest

A

long elevated wider ex iliac crest

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25
Q

line

A

lightly raised, elongated ridge ex superior nuchal line

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26
Q

depressions- fossa

A

depression or hollow ,

supraspinous fossa or glenoid fossa (cavity)

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27
Q

fovea

A

small pit

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28
Q

sulcus

A

groove depression or fissure

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29
Q

suture

A

immovable joints

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30
Q

sinuses

A

air filled cavities

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31
Q

foramen magnum

A

occipital bone

spinal cord

vertebral arteries

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32
Q

jugular foramen

A

between temporal

occipital bones

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33
Q

lacrimal foramen

A

tear duct leading to nasal cavity

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34
Q

madibular foramen

A

nerves blood vessels supporting lower teeth

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35
Q

cribriform foramina

A

olfactory nerves

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36
Q

fontanelles

A

new born soft spots where you can tell pulse and dehydration

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37
Q

auditory ossibles axial or appendicular

A

axial

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38
Q

hyoid bone axial or appendicular

A

axial

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39
Q

lower limbs axial or appendicular

A

appendicular

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40
Q

os coxae axial or appendicular

A

appendicular

41
Q

skull axial or appendicular

A

axial

42
Q

ribs axial or appendicular

A

axial

43
Q

upper limbs axial or appendicular

A

appendicular

44
Q

vertebral column axial or appendicular

A

axial

45
Q

right and left parietal bone separated by

A

sagittal suture

46
Q

frontal bone by left and right parietal bone separated by

A

coronal suture

47
Q

left and right parietal bone separated by occipital bone by

A

lambdoid suture

48
Q

left and right parietal bone temporal by

A

squamous suture

49
Q

zygomatic process

A

which forms part of the cheekbone

50
Q

mastoid part

A

mastoid process which can be felt behind earlobe (anchors neck muscles)

51
Q

styloid process

A

provides attachment for muscles of tongue, pharynx and hyoid bone

52
Q

petrous part

A

carotid canal through which blood flows via carotid artery to brain sometimes audible internal accoustic meatus

53
Q

petrous part

A

carotid canal through which blood flows via carotid artery to brain sometimes audible internal accoustic meatus

54
Q

occipital bone

A

where nuchal ligament attach stabilize vertabrae with skull you can feel the superior nuchal line to mastoid process

55
Q

sphenoid bone- a butterfly

A

articulates with all other facial features

bridges sides of skull

forms posterior portion of orbits with saddle shaped
sella turcica is the hypophyseal fossa where pituitary gland sits

internal openings of the nasal cavity (nasal choanae)
attachment for chewing muscles pterygoid process

56
Q

what is sella turcica aka hypophyseal fossa

A

where the pituitary gland sits

57
Q

ethmoid bone

A

contributes to orbits
nasal cavity
nasal septum

(upper part)

58
Q

cribriform plate is

A

a part of the ethmoid bone ( superior surface of ethmoid)

covered with foramina for olfactory nerves

59
Q

crista galli

A

roosters comb stands up right on cribriform form plate (attaches dura mater of brain) and sits between the two olfactory bulb

60
Q

superior and middle nasal conchae

A

which create air turbulence, helping to distribute inhaled air over mucous membranes which warm and humidify incoming air

61
Q

maxillae

A

maxillae articulate at the intermaxillary suture

tooth root is in the socket called alveolus

62
Q

cleft lip

A

failure to meet at the intermaxillary suture

63
Q

zygomatic bones

A

forms cheekbone via its temporal process articulating with zygomatic process of temporal bone

64
Q

lacrimal bones

A

part of medial walls of orbits contain lacrimal fossa which holds the lacrimal sac which collects tears from eyes and drain into nasal cavity

65
Q

inferor nasal concha

A

separate bones from other two sets of nasal concha

66
Q

vomer

A

inferior half of nasal septum shaped like a plow

67
Q

auditory ossicles

A

malleus, incus, stapes

68
Q

hyoid bone

A

suspended from two styloid process that are part of temporal bone attachment for muscles of mandible tongue and larynx gracture suggestive strangulation

69
Q

role of backbone

A

protect spinal cord
support head and neck
absorbs gravitational stress from normal activities
attachment structure for muscles

70
Q

cervical posterior (back) anterior front

A

concave

71
Q

thoracic posterior (back) anterior front

A

convex

72
Q

lumbar posterior (back) anterior front

A

concave

73
Q

pelvic posterior (back) anterior front

A

convex

74
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral deviation shoulder is slanted

75
Q

kyphosis

A

hunch back exaggerated thoracic curvature

76
Q

lordosis

A

swayback exaggerated lumbar curvature common in pregnancy

77
Q

herniated disc

A

nucleous pulposus protrudes through annulus causing nerve compression

78
Q

slipped disc

A

distorted annulus fibrosus pushed into vertebral canal

79
Q

C1 atlas

A

unusual in having no body h

has a large vertebral foramen

has lateral masses with articular facets that articulate with the occipital condyles

80
Q

C2 axis

A

projection called dens

dens fuses with the axis in several years of birth

dens together with atlas and a transverse ligament enables rotation of head say no

81
Q

intevertebral disc role?

A

cushion protect vertebra from wear,

annulus fibrosus prevents expansion of nucleus pulposus

helps hold adjacent vertabrae together

gelatinous nucleus pulposus plus fibrous collagen amulus fibrosus

disk flatten during the day so we shrink in height by night time

82
Q

s1-5 fuse by 2 years old

A

sacrum articulates with os coxae at sacroilic joint

83
Q

c1-4 (coccyx) fuse by 20-30 years old

A

ligaments bind sacrum to coccyx cornua (horns)

84
Q

thoracic cage composed of

A

T1-T12 12 PAIRS OF RIBS COSTAL CARTILAGES

suprasternal notch

clavicular notch

sternal angle- where manubrim articualtes with body of sternum

xyphoid process attachment for abdominal muscles

85
Q

rib 1-7 called (14 in total)

A

true ribs because they attach to sternum at distal end via costal cartilage also called -

vertebrosternal / -vertebrochondral -vertebrocostal

86
Q

ribs 8-10 called (6 ribs in total)

A

false ribs because they dont attach directly to sternum only through costal artilage of rib 7 to sternum also called

vertebrochondral or vertebrocostal ribs

87
Q

ribs pairs 11-12 are called (4 ribs in total)

A

floating ribs because they do not attach to sternum aka vertebral ribs

88
Q

what differentiates false ribs true ribs from floating ribs

A

floating ribs have heads onl and false and true ribs have heads, neck and tubercle

89
Q

two points of articulation on the ribs

A

vertebral body and on the transvese costal facet

90
Q

clavicle where is the articulation

A

sternum (sternoclavicular joint)

scapula (acromioclavicular joint)

91
Q

styloid process on the radius side is where

A

you can palpate the wrist pulse

92
Q

between the radius and the ulna there is

A

ligament; interosseous membrane

93
Q

on top of the ulna and the radius

A

olecranon and trochlear notch articulate with trochlea on humerus

94
Q

male and female differences on pubic arch and pelvic brim

A

male: 90 degree pubic arch and smaller pelvic brim
female: 120 degree pubic arch and pelvic bring wider

95
Q

metacarpals are within the

A

palm of your hand

96
Q

digits are numbered from the start of the

A

thumb

97
Q

trapezium is located in

A

the base of the carpal bone

98
Q

femoropatellar has 3 ligaments

A

patellar, medial-lateral patellar, retinacula connect the patella to the tibia

AP Biology 1200 (6 decks)

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