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AP Biology 1200 > Chapter 7- Bone Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 7- Bone Tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

skeleton req oxygen

A

true

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2
Q

epiphyseal line like the dermis mean the bone is growing

A

false; epiphyseal plate means its growing

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3
Q

bones contain cartilage where they articulate with another bone in a movable joint

A

true

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4
Q

cartilage heals slowly because it has no vasculature

A

true

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5
Q

long bones longer than wide ex limbs digits, humerus function?

A

levers for muscle action (wide range of motion)

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6
Q

flat bones have broad surface found in ribs, skulls and hips function?

A

protective internal organs

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7
Q

short bones same width and length (tarsals, carpals, digits, wrist bones) function

A

glide (smaller range of motion)

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8
Q

irregular: everything else found in vertebra, coccyx, facial

A

miscellaneous

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9
Q

endosteum lines (3) areas

A

the bone marrow cavity, lining the spongy bone and central canal

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10
Q

bone is made up of

A

matrix and cells

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11
Q

matrix composed of 66% ____and 33 % ___weight and 2%___

A

inorganic component (hydroxyapatite (85%) and organic component / 2% cell

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12
Q

inorganic component

A

gives bones strength

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13
Q

organic component

A

keeps inorganic flexible and stable

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14
Q

where are progenitor cells found

A

endosteum and inner layer of periosteum and perichondrium

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15
Q

what is req for collagen synthesis

A

vit c

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16
Q

osteoblast has a lot of rough?

A

endoplasm’s reticulum and golgi (make and secrete protein) secrete ostercalcin

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17
Q

osteocytes (25 years long live)

A

trapped but communicate via processes, processes lie in canaliculi connecting to other cells exchange nutrients waste and chemical signals through gap junction

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18
Q

osteoclast secrete what?

A

vesicles with enzymes to break down organic matrix and H to solubilize minirals

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19
Q

compact bone makes up

A

75% of skeleton by weight

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20
Q

spongy bone (cancellous bone makes up)

A

25% of skeleton weight

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21
Q

where is spongy bone food in?

A

epiphyses of long bones and sandwiched between compact bone in flat bones

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22
Q

newborns in cranium have spongy bone called

A

diploe

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23
Q

woven bone form first in fetal development and then what happens

A

repair and remodelled by osteoblasts and class and lamellae

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24
Q

whats the diff between woven and lamellar?

A

woven :is collagen oriented randomly and lamellar: is collagen parallel in one later at an angle relative to fibres in surrounding area

25
Q

periosteum is what?

A

bilayers, outer fibrous collagen layer with osteogenic cells.

26
Q

endosteum

A

incomplete cellular later with progenitor cells osteoblast and osteoclast lines internal surfaces of bones

27
Q

blood vessel path to bone (3)

A

1.nutrient foramen. perforating coleman canals 3. central canals.

28
Q

nutrient path (2)

A

1.to osteocytes lining central canals 2. to successive osteocytes through gap junctions on the processes

29
Q

bone marrow forms

A

red blood cells thick blood wide spread in children; adults restricted to axial found in spongy bone spaces, medullary cavities in long bones and larger central canals

30
Q

yellow bone marrow forms

A

adipocytes widespread in adults

31
Q

cartilage in skeletal system mainly ?

A

hyaline (other types fibrocartilage and elastic)

32
Q

chondroblasts ?

A

flexible matrix of collagen and proteoglycans (flexible metrics enables growth and reproduction )

33
Q

what is the role of cartilage in bone development and maintenance

A

hyaline cartilage precursor of bones and bone tissue fetal models elongation of bones

34
Q

what does appositional growth mean?

A

growth of bone (bone widening and thickening)

35
Q

articular cartilage does what?

A

reduce friction and absorb shock in movable joints reduces this ( no perichondrium and no blood vessels)

36
Q

on going bone remodelling consist of what

A

wolfs law of bone (remodelling to match mechanical stress) turn over 10-20% bone replacement in a year skeletal tissue 1 year because skeletal is mineral reservoir repair micro fractures

37
Q

what controls bone changes?

A

local factors (growth factor), systemic factors (hormones), biochemical stimulation

38
Q

role of bone cells in control

what does osteocytes do?

A

orchestrate bone remodelling through regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast

39
Q

what does apoptosis do?

A

is a chemotactic signal to osteoclasts

40
Q

role of hormones in bone turn over:

calcitriol?

A

increase blood Ca+2

1.# of osteoclasts
2.increase intestine Ca2+ absorption
3 decrease kidney Ca2+ excretion

41
Q

PTH

A

increase blood Ca+2

  1. # osteoclasts
  2. inhibits osteoblasts collagen production
  3. increase kidney reabsorption Ca2+
  4. increase calcitriol production
42
Q

calcitonin

A

decrease blood calcium

  1. decrease osteoclasts activity
  2. increase osteoblast activity and formation
43
Q

glucocorticoids

A
  1. increases number of osteoclasts

2. decrease number of osteoblasts

44
Q

androgen and estrogen

A

decrease number of osteoclasts

45
Q

steps to bone development (5)

intramembranous (within a membrane, clavicle, mandible)

A
  1. mesenchyme cells aggregate
  2. messengyme cells differentiate -osteoblasts
  3. osteoblats around blood vessels secrete osteoid
  4. mineralization of osteoid forms sp that fuse to larger trabeculee; also mesenchyme periosteum
  5. spongy bone on outside surfaces rearranged 2 layers of compact bone
46
Q

bone formation “ossification process” in endochondral - within cartilage ex longbone (4)

A
  • calcification of cartilage chondrocyte
  • death break down with cartilage,
  • and then invasion of (marrow) cavity by blood cells ,
  • osteoblast formation, osteoid formed, ossification
47
Q

size of epiphyseal plate appear what color in X-ray?

A

clear

48
Q

wen elongation stops what do you where the epiphyseal plate use to be?

A

epiphyseal line

49
Q

stress fracture is from

A

abnormal physical stress trauma

50
Q

pathologic fracture

A

due to which bone is weakened breaks under condition normal bone will not

51
Q

healing after fracture what are the steps (4)

A

1.hematoma, 2.soft callus, 3.hard callus and then 4.bone remodelling

52
Q

osteomalacia

A

rickets in children- insufficient mineralization

53
Q

cast is put on (immobilization) until

A

hard callus forms

54
Q

lost of bone density

A

osteoporosis

55
Q

pre osteoporosis

A

ostepenia

56
Q

mineralization -when calcification occurs in other tissues which calcified mass is called calculus and the even is called

A

ectopic ossification

57
Q

osteosarcoma

A

form of bone cancer

58
Q

what type of cells act first to elongate the bone

A

chondroblasts

AP Biology 1200 (6 decks)

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