Chapter 8: Remembering complex events

Question 1

What is the DRM procedure?

Answer 1

A test in which word lists make you infer another word with it.

Question 2

intrusion error

Answer 2

A memory error in which a person recalls elements that were not part of the original episode

Question 3

Does mentioning about intrusion errors prevent them?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

What are schema’s?

Answer 4

Filling in information about what is typical or frequent in a situation. Enables quick understanding of the world

Question 5

What is the self schema

Answer 5

a set of beliefs and memories about oneself

Question 6

Define misinformation effect

Answer 6

Reports about an earlier effect are influenced by the misinformation that the participant got after the event

Question 7

How can the misinformation effect be induced?

Answer 7

wording of story, wording of question, other witnesses etc

Question 8

It is possible to plant a false event by for example

Answer 8

by asking the more often if an event happened, create fake photos etc

Question 9

Destructive updating:

Answer 9

new information of an event overwrites earlier memory. Happens in hypnotherapy

Question 10

Interference theory (forgetting)

Answer 10

(the most likely one): new facts interfere with older memories

Question 11

Decay (forgetting)

Answer 11

brain cells die and connections may be lost or overwritten

Question 12

Retrieval failure (forgetting)

Answer 12

change of starting point or perspective means no longer accessible

Question 13

TOT phenomenon

Answer 13

when you cannot remember all content but big parts, when a word is on the tip of your tongue.

Question 14

Why are you more unlike to forget a unique event?

Answer 14

oa unique events do not blur with other events as easily

Question 15

Memory confidence

Answer 15

feedback increases memory confidence but not accuracy.

Question 16

retention interval

Answer 16

the longer ago, the more you relay on schematic knowledge/ the more likely you’re to forget about an event

Question 17

In which cases is there a higher change on memory errors?

Answer 17

event is more probable, you hear more details, repeated often, longer time between event and recall, social pressure, receiving positive feedback

Question 18

What is the autobiographical memory?

Answer 18

spect of memory that records event’s in a persons live

Question 19

Flashbulb memory

Answer 19

very clear memory of an event. Sometimes big errros, more accurate when about own life

Question 20

What causes flashbulb memories/why do you remember emotional events better?

Answer 20

Emotional events are better remembered because of amygdala promotes condolidation, narrowing of attention and more rehearsal.

Question 21

What is the self reference effect?

Answer 21

better memory about information relevant to oneself

Question 22

Why are traumatic memories strong, but nor always precise?

Answer 22

because of the extreme bodily arousal. They are not always precise, most often due to stress. Stress experienced at the time of an event seems to enhance memory for materials directly relevant to the source of the stress, but has the opposite effect—undermining memory—for other aspects of the event

Question 23

consolidation

Answer 23

The biological process through which new memories are “cemented in place,” acquiring some degree of permanence through the creation of new (or altered) neural connections.

Question 24

self reference effect

Answer 24

episodes connected to the self are in general better remembered