Chapter 11: visual knowledge

Question 1

Imagery

Answer 1

visualising (mentally) a scene

Question 2

Chronotomic studies

Answer 2

letting participants make a judgement on a image and time it

Question 3

What is the difference in thinking about a concept or to visualise? And why is this

Answer 3

When asked to think about a concept, visual properties are slower (head) than object properties(claws). When asked to visualise other way around, visual properties are faster than object properties. Reason for it is description vs depiction

Question 4

Galton’s research of difference between reports of mental images could be due to:

Answer 4

People change in their “translation step”

Question 5

description

Answer 5

features that are distinctive and strongly associated with the object are more important

Question 6

depiction

Answer 6

size and position determine what’s important and what’s not.

Question 7

Image-scanning procedure

Answer 7

mental images keep spatial layout from the scene (takes time to travel). The same goes for zooming: that also takes more time

Question 8

Mental rotation task

Answer 8

letting participants rotate a image so that it will be the same as image 2

Question 9

Mental rotation effect

Answer 9

involved the same brain areas as it in real live, so higher rotation can take longer etc

Question 10

What did Galton do and what made him important?

Answer 10

Introspection research for images, since description is not the same between participants, now chronotonic studies

Question 11

For what do we use mental visual images

Answer 11

as an aid for making decisions

Question 12

Demand character

Answer 12

Cues within an experiment that signal to the participant how he or she is “supposed to” respond. Ex: when asked to scan a long way, when earlier done, waiting to push ‘done’ button. However disproved (iig for image scanning procedure)

Question 13

Visualising/depictioning also …

Answer 13

primes

Question 14

Binocular rivalry:

Answer 14

both eyes are presented with a other visual stimuli, visual system is sometimes unable to combine: in this case you are alternately aware if one of them

Question 15

What happens when people with neglect syndrome use imagery?

Answer 15

They will only visualise half?

Question 16

Do the mental-rotation and image scanning procedure also happen in blind people?

Answer 16

Yes, those from birth.

Question 17

Visual processing/imagery and spatial processing/imagery are located in different parts of the brain

Answer 17

Visual processing/imagery and spatial processing/imagery are located in different parts of the brain

Question 18

Explain the combination between perception and mental images

Answer 18

Mental images have no neutral perception and their perception goes beyond the given information. For example your mental image is the interpretation, not a possible ambiguous picture

Question 19

Difference between visual and spacial imagery

Answer 19

visual imagery relies on the same brain areas as vision, while spatial imagery relies on other brain areas. Shows in patients between visual tasks and spatial tasks

Question 20

Is there really a difference in whether or not people can experience visual imagery?

Answer 20

Yes, there is a relationship between self-reported vividness of visual image and degree of activation in the visual cortex.

Question 21

eidetic imagery

Answer 21

A relatively rare capacity in which the person can retain long-lasting and detailed visual images of scenes that can be scrutinized as if they were still physically present. Eidetic imagery is vastly more detailed that ordinary imagery.

Question 22

Image-files

Answer 22

in the long-term memory contain a set of instructions for creating an image. This helps the imager know how to construct a image.

Question 23

Dual encoding

Answer 23

imageable materials such as high-imagery words are double presented in memory; as words and the corresponding picture. -> higher chance of finding it, easing process of memory search.

Question 24

Boundary extension

Answer 24

people remember a picture including more than it actually did, extending the boundaries. Shown by the experiment with a garbage-can scene, in which participants remembered the scene more extended than it originally was. Warning about it does not change the effects. Due to experiencing with the schema which includes what should be around.