Chapter 11: visual knowledge Flashcards
Imagery
visualising (mentally) a scene
Chronotomic studies
letting participants make a judgement on a image and time it
What is the difference in thinking about a concept or to visualise? And why is this
When asked to think about a concept, visual properties are slower (head) than object properties(claws). When asked to visualise other way around, visual properties are faster than object properties. Reason for it is description vs depiction
Galton’s research of difference between reports of mental images could be due to:
People change in their “translation step”
description
features that are distinctive and strongly associated with the object are more important
depiction
size and position determine what’s important and what’s not.
Image-scanning procedure
mental images keep spatial layout from the scene (takes time to travel). The same goes for zooming: that also takes more time
Mental rotation task
letting participants rotate a image so that it will be the same as image 2
Mental rotation effect
involved the same brain areas as it in real live, so higher rotation can take longer etc
What did Galton do and what made him important?
Introspection research for images, since description is not the same between participants, now chronotonic studies
For what do we use mental visual images
as an aid for making decisions
Demand character
Cues within an experiment that signal to the participant how he or she is “supposed to” respond. Ex: when asked to scan a long way, when earlier done, waiting to push ‘done’ button. However disproved (iig for image scanning procedure)
Visualising/depictioning also …
primes
Binocular rivalry:
both eyes are presented with a other visual stimuli, visual system is sometimes unable to combine: in this case you are alternately aware if one of them
What happens when people with neglect syndrome use imagery?
They will only visualise half?
Do the mental-rotation and image scanning procedure also happen in blind people?
Yes, those from birth.
Visual processing/imagery and spatial processing/imagery are located in different parts of the brain
Visual processing/imagery and spatial processing/imagery are located in different parts of the brain
Explain the combination between perception and mental images
Mental images have no neutral perception and their perception goes beyond the given information. For example your mental image is the interpretation, not a possible ambiguous picture
Difference between visual and spacial imagery
visual imagery relies on the same brain areas as vision, while spatial imagery relies on other brain areas. Shows in patients between visual tasks and spatial tasks
Is there really a difference in whether or not people can experience visual imagery?
Yes, there is a relationship between self-reported vividness of visual image and degree of activation in the visual cortex.
eidetic imagery
A relatively rare capacity in which the person can retain long-lasting and detailed visual images of scenes that can be scrutinized as if they were still physically present. Eidetic imagery is vastly more detailed that ordinary imagery.
Image-files
in the long-term memory contain a set of instructions for creating an image. This helps the imager know how to construct a image.
Dual encoding
imageable materials such as high-imagery words are double presented in memory; as words and the corresponding picture. -> higher chance of finding it, easing process of memory search.
Boundary extension
people remember a picture including more than it actually did, extending the boundaries. Shown by the experiment with a garbage-can scene, in which participants remembered the scene more extended than it originally was. Warning about it does not change the effects. Due to experiencing with the schema which includes what should be around.
