Chapter 8- Proteins Flashcards
what is the proportion of proteins in body found in muscle ?
40%
what is the most widespread protein in the body?
actin and myosin (80-90%)
what are the three functions of proteins ?
structure, regulators of metabolism, energy
what are amino acids composed of , which elements ?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
how is it determined whether an aa is essential ?
you feed a diet w everything minus 1 aa. if the nitrogen balance becomes negative, the aa is considered essential/indispensable
what does aa lack limit ?
protein synthesis
what is the mnemonic for essential amino acids ?
PVT TIM HLL
what are the 9 essential aa ?
PVT TIM HLL
phenylalanine
valine
threonine
tryptophan
isoleucine
methionine
histidine
leucine
lysine
what are the 6 conditionally essential aa ?
CAT PGG
cysteine
arginine
tyrosine
proline
glutamine
glycine
what are proteins held with ?
peptide bonds
what chemical phenomenon leads to the formation of a peptide bond ?
condensation
what chemical process leads to the breakdown of peptide bonds ?
hydrolysis
how is aa transport executed simply put?
through transporters
what structure will a protein molecule have when put together ?
3D
what is another word for a high quality protein?
complete protein (all the essential aa)
which aa qualify as high quality protein ?
all of the essential aa
where are high quality protein usually derived from ?
animal protein
what are two non-animal sources of high quality protein?
quinoa and soy
what makes a protein low quality/incomplete ?
lacks one or more essential aa
what is the limiting aa?
the essential aa in short supply in the low quality protein
does a low quality protein necessarily mean that they are lacking an essential aa?
might have some but in small quantities
where in nature will you usually find low quality protein ?
plants
what are complementing proteins ?
incomplete proteins that, when put together, provide a full array of all essential aa
what are the 3 limiting aa in legumes ? what foods can complement well? 3 complementing meals ?
methionine, cysteine, tryptophan
complemented w grain and nuts/seeds
eg lentils and rice, beans and rice, hummus