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EXCI 445 > Chapter 15- Eating Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 15- Eating Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main problem in eating disorders in athletes ?

A

low energy availability (low diet- exercise expenditure)

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2
Q

what is normal eating ?

A

normal eating is flexible, it varies in response to your hunger, schedule, proximity to food, and feelings

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3
Q

what is the hunger-fullness scale? where should we be on it ?

A

famished, hungry, neutral, full, over-stuffed

we should always be between hungry and full

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4
Q

how do we feel when we are on either extremes of the hunger-fullness scale ?

A

when we are famished or over-stuffed : low energy, lethargic, etc

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5
Q

which foods promote satiety ?

A

protein and fiber

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6
Q

what is the success rate of diets ?

A

5%

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7
Q

is dieting normal adolescent behavior ?

A

NO

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8
Q

what is the connection between dieting and eating disorder ?

A

teens who diet are a lot more likely to develop an eating disorder

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9
Q

what is the connection between dieting and being overweight ?

A

dieting at a young age leads to being heavier later in life

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10
Q

when was the Ancel Keyes starvation study conducted and on who ?

A

in 1944-45 on conscientious objectors

wanted to study what would happen in concentration camps

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11
Q

what were the main findings of the Ancel Keyes starvation study ?

A

6 month semi starvation diet (lose 25% BW) leads to obsession w food, unusual eating habits (40 gums a day), binge eating, physical changes

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12
Q

what are 4 ways of purging ?

A

vomiting
misuse of laxatives
diuretics
diet pills

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13
Q

what does purging mean ?

A

ridding body of unwanted food

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14
Q

what was the main modification of the DSM 5

A

added other diseases than BN and AN

such as : binge eating disorder
nocturnal eating syndrome
avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder

etc

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15
Q

what is the lifetime risk of anorexia nervosa ?

A
  1. 9% for women

0. 3% for men

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16
Q

what is the lifetime risk of bulimia nervosa ?

A
  1. 5% women

0. 5% men

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17
Q

which is more prevalent: BN or AN ?

A

BN

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18
Q

what is the lifetime risk of binge eating disorder ?

A

3.5% women

2% men

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19
Q

what is the lifetime risk of OSFED ? (other specified feeding or eating disorder)

A

3-10%

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20
Q

what is the proportion of men and women who have eating disorders ? `

A

10% men

90% women

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21
Q

what percentage of ED start in adolescence ?

A

85%

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22
Q

how is body image a risk factor to ED ?

A

when body image becomes central to self-worth, incidence of ED increases

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23
Q

how does the prevalence of ED in athletes compare to ED in non-athletes ?

A

athletes suffer twice as much from eating disorders as non-athletes

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24
Q

what is the prevalence of ED in athletes ?

A

6-45% women

0-19% men

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25
what are three categories of sports with higher rates of ED?
endurance aesthetic weight category
26
which are more likely to encourage ED: coaches or parents ?
coaches
27
does lower BW improve performance ?
no
28
what is the focus in sports which encourage ED ?
focus on the individual (gymnastics) and/or endurance (swimming)
29
what is the BMI at which you are more likely to have an ED ?
no such thing
30
what did the DSM-5 change in the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa ?
got rid of amenorrhea since men also have AN and menopausal women can have AN
31
what are the 3 diagnostic criteria (DSM5) for anorexia ?
restriction of intake leading to severely low BW (adults BMI <17=mild, <15= extreme) intense fear of gaining weight disturbed perception of body size/ shape
32
what are the two types of anorexia nervosa ?
restrictive binge eating/purging
33
how long do the symptoms need to persist in AN to be diagnosed ?
3 months
34
what is the recovery key in AN ?
early recognition & treatment
35
what is a main symptom of anorexia due to macronutrient deficiency ?
hypothermia
36
what does low body temperature in anorexia manifest itself (4)
experience a lower body temp lower BMR lower RMR LANUGO
37
what is lanugo ?
soft downy hair on face, back, and arms as a protective mechanism built into the body to help keep a person warm in starvation (anorexia)
38
lanugo is associated with which ED ?
anorexia
39
what mental health issue has the highest mortality rate
anorexia
40
what happens to the AN body after a few months?
cardiovascular issues: protein energy malnutrition similar to marasmus leads to heart failure
41
what happens to the heart in AN
heart muscles become weak and thin due to protein breakdown | chambers decrease in size, blood pressure decreases, pulse decreases, leading to heart failure
42
what is the main cause of death in AN ?
heart failure due to electrolyte imbalance (esp Ca, Na, K, P) which are critical to maintain electric currents necessary for normal heart beat
43
which state increases risk of death in AN ?
exercise
44
explain the GI problems in AN
deteriorated GI tract, slowed absorption, slowed production of digestive enzymes by pancreas, atrophy of lining of GI
45
why would some athletes that are AN experience an increase in performance ?
euphoria it is short lived starvation is a physiological stressor and releases NE and E which will evoke a feeling of euphoria and increase VO2max
46
how does AN affect endurance ?
deteriorates as liver and muscle glycogen deplete + reduction of strength and power from loss of muscle mass
47
what is a common symptom of AN in sports ?
dehydration which decreases plasma volume and the ability to thermoregulate
48
what is the RED-S?
screens for relative energy deficiency in sport (better than the athlete triad)
49
how does the DSM-5 define bulimia nervosa
cycles of binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors once a week for at least three months lack of control over binges, followed by purging (vomiting, exercise, laxative, strict dieting) BMI >18.5
50
what is Binge Eating Disorder ?
binging for 1x/week at least for three months | no compensatory behaviors (no purging)
51
what proportion of men and women does binge eating disorder affect ?
60% women | 40% men
52
what are 4 health risks in binge eating disorder ?
acute gastric dilation post-binge pancreatitis cardiac risks (htn, cvd, dm, edema) weight gain
53
does purging help lose weight ?
no, only half of what is consumed is rid of
54
what is a skin problem that shows signs of self induced vomiting:
Russell's sign
55
what are the two methods for self induced vomiting ?
ipecac: a vomiting pill but usually only used for poisoning; it is cardiotoxic and can lead to heart problems or fingers down throat
56
what happens to glands in self induced vomiting ?
parotid glands are enlarged with elevated amylase
57
what are metabolic complications of self induced vomiting ?
hypokalemia, hypochloremia alkalosis dehydration
58
what can be a consequence of laxative abuse (4)
``` electrolyte imbalance (dehydration) constipation/diarrhea loss of colon function due to laxative dependence rapid weight gain when discontinued ```
59
what are two consequences of diuretic use
electrolyte imbalance and dehydraiton kidney damage
60
what are 2 side effects of diet pills
elevated BP anxiety
61
what kind of energy are ED ppl prone to
stress fractures
62
how does bulimia affect performance in sports
weak muscles, lower electrolytes and potassium means more fatigue dehydration: less thermoregulation slower recovery from workouts due to lack of vitamins and minerals osteoporosis
63
what is anorexia athletica ?
excessive workouts + restriction
64
what is the main risk factor for anorexia athletica ?
pressure to improve performance by diet or exercise
65
what is orthorexia nervosa ?
dysfunctional eating patterns, obsessed with eating healthy pure diet (not a diagnosed eating disorder)
66
what is diabulemia ?
when ppl with type I diabetes skip or reduce insulin to lose weight (1/3 women with type I) nauseated from elevated blood sugars (ketoacidosis), which will make them vomit, weight loss
67
side effects of diabulemia ?
nephropathy, CVD, electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, death
68
what is nocturnal eating syndrome ? what are the DSM criteria
excessive intake of food at night with distress about it and guilt, with the excess eating not explained by social norms, sleep cycle, etc need to fit 3/5 symptoms: lack of morning hunger, urges to eat in evening/night, belief that one must eat in order to fall back to sleep at night, depressed mood, difficulty sleeping
69
which adults are more at risk of nocturnal eating syndrome ?
obese people and those seeking bariatric surgery
70
what is muscle dysmorphia? how is it classified ?
classified as obsessive compulsive compulsive exercise, inflexible dieting regimens, anabolic steroid abuse, obsessive thoughts of muscles
71
what is nocturnal eating syndrome classified as ?
OSFED (DSM 5)
72
prevalence of muscle dysmorphia ?
1/3 men
73
what is the best way to treat an ED ?
multidisciplinary treatment
74
most ED patients are outpatient or inpatient ?
outpatient
75
when is an ED an inpatient ?
when they cant improve as outpatient, concern for safety
76
what is refeeding syndrome ?
when you aggressively refeed an ED person, shifts electrolytes from serum, which can lead to thiamin, P, Mg, K deficiency
77
what should be a golden rule when refeeding an ED person?
feed conservatively, monitor electrolytes
78
what is avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder ?
avoidance of food, failure to meet energy needs, but no body image issues (usually kids)

EXCI 445 (13 decks)

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