Chapter 8 Problem Solving

Question 1

What are the 3 components needed for problem solving?

Answer 1

Goal directedness, subgoal decomposition, and operator application

Question 2

What are the two elements of problem-solving?

Answer 2

States and operators

Question 3

What are the 3 states of problem solving?

Answer 3

Start, intermediate and goal

Question 4

Define operators

Answer 4

Behaviors used to progress the current state of the problem closer to the goal

Question 5

What are the 3 strategies we use for operator selection?

Answer 5

Backup avoidance, difference reduction, means-end analysis

Question 6

Define backup avoidance

Answer 6

Tendency to avoid moving back to a previous state of problem solving

Question 7

Define difference reduction

Answer 7

Tendency to choose strategies that yield states more similar to the goal

Question 8

Define means-end analysis

Answer 8

creation of new sub-goals to eliminate the difference between the current state and end state

Question 9

What is the difference between difference reduction and means-end analysis

Answer 9

in M-EA, operators are not abandoned if they cannot be used immediately/ we may re-use a solution to advance to a later state after the current subgoal is reached