Chapter 6 Memory Flashcards
What did Hermann Ebbinghaus discover?
The forgetting curve (using nonsense syllables)
When is recall highest according to the forgetting curve?
Right after a list is first learned
When is the rate of forgetting highest according to the forgetting curve?
Within the first few hours
What can slow the rate of forgetting (other than time)?
Re-learning the information
Who does the Forgetting curve apply to?
Seemingly all of animal kingdom
What is the serial position effect?
The idea of primacy and recency, discovered by Ebbinghaus
Define Primacy
Items presented early are recalled very frequently
Define Recency
Items presented late were recalled very frequently
What was psychology’s response to memory after Ebbinghaus?
Disinterest (except for classical conditioning) until George Miller in the 1950s
What did Atkinson & Shiffrin discover (1968)?
3 component structure of memory
What are the three components of memory according to Atkinson & Shiffrin?
Sensory store, short-term store, and long-term store
Why is the 3 compartment model making a comeback?
Neuroimaging
Define Sensory Memory
ongoing activation based on sensation & perception
Where does visual sensory memory occur?
In the visual cortex of the occipital lobe
Where does auditory sensory memory occur?
Perceptual regions in the cortex in the temporal lobe
Define Iconic memory store
Brief memory buffer that can effectively hold all information in the visual display
Define echoic memory store
brief memory buffer that works as an echo for auditory stimuli
Why are the 3 other main senses not documented to have buffers?
They probably do, but they are harder to study systematically
Define short term memory
intermediate system that handles transfer between sensory and long-term memory
How is short-term memory moved to long-term memory
It is attended to or rehearsed until it is solidified
