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Human Geography > Chapter 8- Political Geography > Flashcards

Chapter 8- Political Geography Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the four conditions of a state?

A

Defined land territory
Government with supreme authority
Permanent population
Recognition by other states

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1
Q

A politically organized territory, rules by an established government with control over its internal and external affairs

A

State

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2
Q

What is the largest state?

A

Russia

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3
Q

What is the smallest state?

A

Monaco

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4
Q

What is the largest Microstate based on population?

A

Singapore

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5
Q

What are sovereign states that are compromised of towns and their surrounding countryside?

A

City-state

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6
Q

When did Taiwan leave the United Nations?

A

1971

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7
Q

What is an example of a medieval state?

A

Roman Empire

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8
Q

A state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity

A

Nation-state

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9
Q

The concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves is known as _____ ______.

A

Self determination

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10
Q

A state that contains more than one ethnicity

A

Multi-ethnic state

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11
Q

A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than being ran completely alone

A

Colony

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12
Q

The system by which several powers maintained foreign possessions

A

Colonization

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13
Q

What were the reasons for establishing colonies?

A

God, gold, and glory

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14
Q

An invisible line marking the extent of a state’s territory.

A

Boundary

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15
Q

Plane that cuts through the rocks below and the airspace above

A

Vertical plane

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16
Q

Boundary lines must be ____ by more than one state

A

Shared

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17
Q

The area that historically used to separate states

A

Frontiers

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18
Q

Zone where no state has complete political control

A

Frontier

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19
Q

These types of boundaries are effective because they are hard to cross and uninhabited.

A

Desert boundary

Mountain boundary

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20
Q

These types of boundaries can be rivers, lakes, and oceans. They are less permanent than other boundaries.

A

Water boundaries

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21
Q

Waters that are enclosed by the boundaries of a coastal state and that are considered part of the territory of that state.

A

Territorial seas

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22
Q

A sea zone over which a state has special rights over the exploitation and use of marine resources, including production of energy from water and wind.

A

Exclusive economic zone (EEZ)

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23
Q

Regular, often perfectly straight lines drawn without regard for physical or cultural features.

A

Geometric boundary

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24
Q

Boundaries based on one or more cultural characteristics

A

Ethnic boundaries

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25
Q

A boundary that doesn’t currently exist but still has an effect on the present day area

A

Relic boundary

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26
Q

Territory completely surrounded by another state but not controlled by it

A

Enclave

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27
Q

Territory that is separated from the state to which is separated by the intervening territory of another state

A

Exclave

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28
Q

The shape of a state can:

A

Affect its power, well being, and political/social unity

Influence the ease or difficulty of internal administration

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29
Q

A shape where the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary greatly

A

Compact shape

30
Q

Shape that is long and narrow. Difficult to govern and maintain communications.

A

Elongated shape

31
Q

An otherwise compact state with a large projecting extension

A

Prorupted shape

32
Q

A state that includes several discontinuous pieces of territory

A

Fragmented

33
Q

When a state has no access to sea, surrounded by one or more countries

A

Landlocked state

34
Q

A country in which citizens elect leaders and can run for office.

A

Democratic

35
Q

A country that is run according to the interests of the ruler rather than the people.

A

Autocratic

36
Q

Complete power in the hands of one person

A

Dictator

37
Q

A country that is not fully democratic or fully autocratic, rather a mix of the two

A

Anocratic

38
Q

A revolutionary wave of demonstrations, protests, and riots in the Arab world that began in 2010 and ended in 2013.

A

Arab spring

39
Q

An independent state in which power is highly concentrated in the central government

A

Unitary state

40
Q

An independent state in which considerable autonomy and power are given to individual provinces and the central government is relatively weak.

A

Federal state

41
Q

This man created the theory of centripetal and centrifugal forces on a state. Existence, stability, and development of a country depend on the balance between these two forces.

A

Richard Hartshorne

42
Q

Any factor that supports the internal unity of a state. (Positive) compared to pull factor.

A

Centripetal force

43
Q

Any factor that disrupts the internal order of a state. (Negative) compared to push factor.

A

Centrifugal force

44
Q

Way that the government tries to unify a state

A

Nation building

45
Q

The geography of elections, electoral systems, and apportionment

A

Electoral geography

46
Q

Conflicting claims to the Arctic are mostly due to:

A

The potential for energy resources

47
Q

The most populous country that is not a member of the United Nations is:

A

Taiwan

48
Q

The historically neutral country that recently joined the United Nations is:

A

Switzerland

49
Q

The first states in ancient Mesopotamia were:

A

City states, which incorporated cities as well as their countryside

50
Q

The first widespread use of the nation-state concept came in:

A

Western-Europe

51
Q

Korea is a good example of an:

A

Ethnicity divided between more than one state

52
Q

A territory tied to a state rather than being completely independent is a:

A

Colony

53
Q

The motives of European states in establishing colonies can be summarized as _____ _______ _______.

A

God
Glory
Gold

54
Q

A frontier, in contrast to a boundary, _____

A

Is an area rather than a line

55
Q

A feature of the physical environment commonly used to separate states includes ____ _____ ______.

A

Deserts
Mountains
Lakes

56
Q

The boundary between the United States and Canada is best described as:

A

Geometric

57
Q

The Germans established the _____ known as the Caprivi Strip in present day Nambia to access resources in central Africa, including the Zambezi River.

A

Proruption

58
Q

Swaziland makes _____ into a perforated state.

A

South Africa

59
Q

The most fragmented southeast Asian state is_____.

A

Indonesia

60
Q

A state with no control over its internal affairs has _____.

A

Sovereignty

61
Q

Which shape most easily fosters the establishment of effective internal communications for a smaller state?

A

Compact

62
Q

A state which places most power in the hands of a central government is a ______.

A

Unitary state

63
Q

The European Union has:

A

Promoted economic growth and integration in Western Europe.

64
Q

The process of redrawing legislative boundaries to benefit the party in power is ____.

A

Gerrymandering

65
Q

When gerrymandering takes place, the kind of redistricting so that the opposition is spread across many districts as a minority is termed a ______ strategy.

A

Wasted vote

66
Q

Outside the European realm two countries build colonial empires. These were:

A

Japan and Russia

67
Q

Political unity in the ancient Mediterranean world reached its height in:

A

The Roman Empire

68
Q

The boundary between chile and Argentina is an example of a _____.

A

Physical boundary

69
Q

A compact state is to ______

A

Circular

70
Q

A prourpted state is to _____

A

Extended

71
Q

An longed state is to ______.

A

Narrow

72
Q

A perforated state is to _____

A

Pierced

Human Geography (6 decks)

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