Chapter 8 Pathology, Clinical Tests and Procedures

Question 1

carcinoma of the cervix

Answer 1

malignant cells within the cervix (cervical cancer)

Question 2

cervicitis

Answer 2

inflammation of the cervix

Question 3

carcinoma of the endometrium

Answer 3

malignant tumor of the uterine lining

Question 4

endometriosis

Answer 4

endometrial tissue located outside the uterus

Question 5

fibroids

Answer 5

benign tumors in the uterus

Question 6

ovarian carcinoma

Answer 6

malignant tumor of the ovary

Question 7

ovarian cysts

Answer 7

collection of fluid within the sacs in the ovary

Question 8

pelvic inflammatory disease

Answer 8

inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region

Question 9

carcinoma of the breast

Answer 9

malignant tumor of the breast (arising from milk glands and ducts)

Question 10

fibrocystic breast disease

Answer 10

numerous small sacs of fluid surrounded by dense strands of fibrous tissue in the breast

Question 11

abruptio placentae

Answer 11

premature separation of the normally implanted placenta

Question 12

multiple gestations

Answer 12

more than one fetus in the uterus

Question 13

placenta previa

Answer 13

implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus

Question 14

preeclampsia

Answer 14

abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache

Question 15

down syndrome

Answer 15

chromosomal abnormality results in mental retardation, retarded growth, flat face and short nose, low set ears, slanted eyes

Question 16

erythroblastosis fetalis

Answer 16

hemolyptic disease in the newborn (HDN) caused by a blood group incompatibility between the mother and the fetus

Question 17

hyaline membrane disease

Answer 17

acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn

Question 18

hydrocephalus

Answer 18

accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain

Question 19

meconium aspiration syndrome

Answer 19

abnormal inhalation of melonium produces by fetus or newborn

Question 20

pyloric stenosis

Answer 20

narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum

Question 21

pap test

Answer 21

microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix

Question 22

pregnancy test

Answer 22

blood or urine test to detect presence of hCG

Question 23

hysterosalpingography (HSG)

Answer 23

xray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material

Question 24

breast ultrasound imaging and breast MRI

Answer 24

technologies using sound waves and magnetic field to create images of breast tissue

Question 25

pelvic ultrasonography

Answer 25

recording images of sound waves as the bounce off organ sin the pelvic region

Question 26

aspiration

Answer 26

withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with and instrument using suction

Question 27

cauterization

Answer 27

destruction of tissue by burning

Question 28

colposcopy

Answer 28

visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope

Question 29

conization

Answer 29

removal of a cone shaped section of the cervix

Question 30

cryosurgery

Answer 30

use of cold temperature to destroy tissue

Question 31

culdocentesis

Answer 31

needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac

Question 32

dilation and curettage (D&C)

Answer 32

widening the cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of the uterus

Question 33

exenteration

Answer 33

removal of internal organs within a cavity

Question 34

laparoscopy

Answer 34

visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope

Question 35

tubal ligation

Answer 35

blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occurring

Question 36

abortion (AB)

Answer 36

termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus can exist on its own

Question 37

amniocentesis

Answer 37

needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis

Question 38

cesarean section

Answer 38

surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus

Question 39

chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Answer 39

sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis

Question 40

fetal monitoring

Answer 40

continuous recording of the fetal heart rate and maternal uterine contractions to assess fetal status and the progress of labour

Question 41

in vitro fertilization (IVF)

Answer 41

egg and sperm cells are combined outside of the body in a lab to facilitate fertilization