Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Chapter 10 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Vocab Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Neurotransmitter chemical released at the end of nerve cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Afferent nerve

A

Carries messages TOWARD brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Arachnoid membrane

A

Middle layer of three membranes (meninges) that surround brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Astrocyte

A

Type of glial (neuroglial) cell that transports water and salts from capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Nerves that control INVOLUNTARY body functions of muscles, glands and internal organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Axon

A

Microscopic fibre that carries the nervous impulses along a nerve cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Blood-brain barrier

A

Protective separation that makes it difficult for substances to penetrate capillary walls and enter brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Brainstem

A

Posterior portion of brain connecting cerebrum with spinal cord; contains midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cauda equina

A

Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cell body

A

Part of cell containing nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Central nervous system (CNS)

A

Brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cerebellum

A

Posterior part of brain; coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Outer region of cerebrum containing sheets of nerve cells; grey matter of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

Circulates throughout brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest part of brain; responsible for VOLUNTARY muscular activity, vision, speech, hearing, thought, memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Twelve pairs of nerves carrying messages TO and FROM brain with regard to head and neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Dendrite

A

Microscopic branching fibre of nerve cell; first to receive nervous impulse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Dura mater

A

Thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Efferent nerve

A

Carries messages AWAY from brain and spinal cord; motor nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ependymal cell

A

Glial cell; lines membranes w/in brain and spinal cord and helps form cerebrospinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ganglion

A

Collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

22
Q

Glial cell

A

Supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses
Can reproduce themselves, as opposed to neurons

23
Q

Gyrus

A

Sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution

24
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temp, and secretions from the pituitary gland

25
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Part of brain above spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, and the size of blood vessels; nerve fibres cross over here

26
Q

Meninges

A

Three protective membranes that surround brain and spinal cord

27
Q

Microglial cell

A

Phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system

28
Q

Midbrain

A

Uppermost portion of the brain stem

29
Q

Motor nerve

A

Carries messages AWAY from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerve

30
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell; speeds impulse conduction along axons

31
Q

Nerve

A

Macroscopic cord-like collection of fibres (axons and dendrites) that carry electrical impulses

32
Q

Neuron

A

Nerve cell that carries impulses throughout the body; parenchyma of the nervous system

33
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical messenger releases at the end of a nerve cell; stimulates or inhibits another cell, which can be a nerve, muscle or gland cell

34
Q

Oligodendroglial call

A

Glial cell that forms the myelin sheath covering axons

35
Q

Parasympathetic nerves

A

Involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract

36
Q

Parenchyma

A

Essential, distinguishing tissue of any organ or system

37
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Brains outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal and autonomic nerves

38
Q

Pia mater

A

Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges

39
Q

Plexus

A

Large, interlacing networks of nerves

40
Q

Pons

A

Part of brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain; a bridge connecting various parts of brain

41
Q

Receptor

A

Organ that receives a nervous stimulus and passes it on the afferent nerves; skin, ears, eyes and tastes buds

42
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

Nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg and foot

43
Q

Sensory nerve

A

Carries messages TOWARDS the brain and spinal cord from a receptor; afferent nerve

44
Q

Spinal nerves

A

31 pairs of nerves arising from the spinal cord

45
Q

Stimulus

A

Agent of change (light, sound, pain, etc) in the internal or external environment that provokes a response

46
Q

Stroma

A

Connective and supportive tissue of an organ

47
Q

Sulcus

A

Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure

48
Q

Sympathetic nerves

A

Autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntary in times of stress

49
Q

Synapse

A

Space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells

50
Q

Thalamus

A

Main relay centre of brain; conducts impulses between spinal cord and cerebrum, incoming sensory messages are relayed through the thalamus to appropriate centers in the cerembrum

Medical Terminology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions