Chapter 5 Vocab

Question 1

absorption

Answer 1

materials pass through walls of small intestine into bloodstream

Question 2

amino acids

Answer 2

small building blocks of protein (like links in a chain), released when proteins are digested

Question 3

amylase

Answer 3

enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch

Question 4

anus

Answer 4

end of the digestive tract to the outside of body

Question 5

appendix

Answer 5

blind pouch hanging from the cecum (large intestine)

Question 6

bile

Answer 6

digestive juice made in liver and stored in gallbladder, breaks up large fate globules

Question 7

bilirubin

Answer 7

pigment released by the liver in the bile

Question 8

bowel

Answer 8

intestine

Question 9

canine teeth

Answer 9

pointed, dog like teeth next to incisors

Question 10

cecum

Answer 10

first part of large intestine

Question 11

colon

Answer 11

portion of large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid

Question 12

common bile duct

Answer 12

carries bile from liver to gallbladder in the duodenum

Question 13

defecation

Answer 13

elimination of feces from digestive tract though anus

Question 14

deglutition

Answer 14

swallowing

Question 15

dentin

Answer 15

primary material in teeth, covered by enamel and cementum

Question 16

digestion

Answer 16

breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

Question 17

duodenum

Answer 17

first part of small intestine, 12 inches long

Question 18

elimination

Answer 18

removal of materials from the body

Question 19

emulsification

Answer 19

physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules

Question 20

enamel

Answer 20

hard, outer layer of teeth

Question 21

enzyme

Answer 21

chemical that speeds up reaction between substances, break down complex foods

Question 22

esophagus

Answer 22

tube connecting throat to stomach

Question 23

fatty acids

Answer 23

substance produces when fats are digested, category of lipids

Question 24

feces

Answer 24

solid waste, stool

Question 25

gallbladder

Answer 25

small sac under liver, stores bile

Question 26

glucose

Answer 26

simple sugar

Question 27

glycogen

Answer 27

starch, glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells

Question 28

hydrochloric acid

Answer 28

substance produces in stomach, necessary for digestion of food

Question 29

ileum

Answer 29

third part of small intestine

Question 30

incisor

Answer 30

four front teeth

Question 31

insulin

Answer 31

hormone produced by endocrine cells in pancreas, transports sugar from blood to cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver

Question 32

jejunum

Answer 32

second part of small intestines

Question 33

lipase

Answer 33

pancreatic enzyme to digest fats

Question 34

liver

Answer 34

large organ that secretes bile, stores sugar iron, vitamins, produces blood proteins, destroys worn out red blood cells, filters out toxins, weighs 2.5-3lb

Question 35

lower esophageal schincter

Answer 35

ring of muscles between esophagus and stomach

Question 36

mastication

Answer 36

chewing

Question 37

molar teeth

Answer 37

6th, 7th and 8th teeth from the middle

Question 38

palate

Answer 38

roof of mouth, hard is close to teeth and soft is between mouth and throat

Question 39

pancreas

Answer 39

organ behind stomach, produces insulin and enzymes

Question 40

papillae

Answer 40

small projections on tongue

Question 41

parotid gland

Answer 41

salivary gland within cheek, close to ear

Question 42

peristalsis

Answer 42

rhythmic contractions of tubular organs, moves contents through

Question 43

pharinx

Answer 43

throat, passageway for food through the mouth and air through the nose

Question 44

portal vein

Answer 44

large vein bringing blood to liver from intestines

Question 45

protease

Answer 45

enzyme that digests protein

Question 46

pulp

Answer 46

soft tissue within tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels

Question 47

pyloric sphincter

Answer 47

ring of muscle at end of stomach, near duodenum, normally closed but opens when peristalsis passes over

Question 48

pylorus

Answer 48

distal region of stomach, opening to duodenum

Question 49

rectum

Answer 49

large section of large intestine, connecting to end of colon and anus

Question 50

rugae

Answer 50

ridges on hard palate and the walls of stomach

Question 51

saliva

Answer 51

digestive juice produced by salivary glands, contains enzyme amylase, which begins digestion of starch to sugar

Question 52

salvary glands

Answer 52

parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands

Question 53

sigmoid colon

Answer 53

fourth and final, s shaped segment of colon, just before rectum

Question 54

sphincter

Answer 54

circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

Question 55

stomach

Answer 55

muscular organ that receives food from esophagus, fundus, body and antrum

Question 56

triglycerides

Answer 56

fat molecules composed of 2 parts fatty acids and one part glycerol, subgroup of lipids

Question 57

uvula

Answer 57

soft tissue hanging from middle of soft palate

Question 58

villi

Answer 58

microscopic projections in wall of small intestine that absorb nutrients into bloodstream