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Physics AS 2 > Chapter 8-Particle Physics > Flashcards

Chapter 8-Particle Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is it called when the proton fragmented into a shower of particles rather than recoiling when colliding with a proton

A

Deep inelastic scattering

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2
Q

Protons contain not balls of positive charge but….

A

Localised charge centres

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3
Q

Electrons interact with charge centres via the

A 
Electrostatic force 
(Coulomb's law/ inverse square law)
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4
Q

How many quarks in a proton

A

3

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5
Q

What are charge centres in a proton or neutron called

A

Quarks

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6
Q

What charge do up quarks have

A

+ 2/3 e

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7
Q

What charge do down quarks have

A

-1/3 e

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8
Q

What is e in charge terms

A

e= elementary charge

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9
Q

In order to break quarks apart what is needed

A

High energy bombarding electrons

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10
Q

A proton is made from which charge types

A

Up, up, down

Total charge = 1

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11
Q

A neutron is made from which quark types

A

Down, down, up

Total charge= 0

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12
Q

Neutron total charge

A

0

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13
Q

Proton total charge

A

+1

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14
Q

Quark and antiparticles have the exactly the same

A

Mass

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15
Q

Quarks and electrons, and antiparticles have different

A

Charges (opposite)

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16
Q

Antiparticle to an electron

Charge?

A

Positron

e+

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17
Q

Rest mass of both an electron and a positron

A

9.1x10^-31 kg

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18
Q

Einsteins theory of special relativity predicted that

A

The faster things go, the heavier they become

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19
Q

What does ‘u’ stand for (as a unit)

A

Unified atomic mass unit

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20
Q

What is one unified atomic mass unit equal to?

A

1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom

1.66 x10^-27 kg

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21
Q

Using Einstein’s equation what is another unit for mass

A

MeV/c^2
Or
GeV/c^2

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22
Q

Particle production equation

A

Photon ➡️ electron + positron

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23
Q

Particle annihilation equation

A

Electron + positron ➡️ photon(s)

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24
Q

Pair production in a bubble chamber shows

A

Conservation of mass-energy

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25
Q

When pairs are created the charge is

A

Conserved

Zero before= e+ + e- = 0 after

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26
Q

Momentum is conserved and seen in pair forming from bunker chamber due to

A

Equal but opposite curvature of the two particles’ paths

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27
Q

What does a PET scan do

A

Detects activity of the brain and forms an image

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28
Q

From an annihilation often a pair of ____ are released

A

Gamma rays /detectable charged particles

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29
Q

How do PET scans work

A
  • injected w radioactive element into brain
  • v quick half life so decays quickly
  • when decaying each oxygen-15 nucleus emits a positron that immediately annihilates with a local electron to form two gamma rays
  • as positron and electron are stationary, the gamma rays move apart in opposite directions, to be detected by scintillator
  • part of brain the come from deduced from difference in time they take to reach the scintillators
  • computer produces resulting image
30
Q

e value (number)

A

1.6 x10^-19 C

31
Q

Electron and its antiparticle the positron are members of a group of fundament particles called

A

Leptons

32
Q

Two other leptons w greater mass

A

Muons

Taus

33
Q

Charge of leptons

A

e- /anti= e+

34
Q

1 st generation lepton

A

Electron

35
Q

2nd generation lepton

A

Muon

36
Q

3rd generation lepton

A

Tau

37
Q

First generation positive quark

A

Up quark

38
Q

2nd generation positive quark

A

Charmed quark

39
Q

3rd generation positive quark

A

Top quark

40
Q

1st generation negative quark

A

Down quark

41
Q

2nd generation negative quark

A

Strange quark

42
Q

3rd generation negative quark

A

Bottom quark

43
Q

Charge of positive quarks

A

+ 2/3 e

44
Q

Charge of negative quarks

A

-1/3 e

45
Q

Particles made from three quarks or three antiquarks are called

A

Baryons

46
Q

What are the two types of hadrons called

A

Baryons

Mesons

47
Q

Particles made from two quarks are called

A

Mesons

48
Q

In a reaction the total number of baryons is

A

Conserved

49
Q

Each quark has baryon number

A

+ 1/3

50
Q

One baryon has baryon number

A

1

51
Q

One antibaryon has baryon number

A

-1

52
Q

Those with one strange quark in a meson are called

A

Kaons

53
Q

Kaon symbol

A

K+

K-

54
Q

In any particle interaction, the charge is

A

Always conserved

55
Q

In any particle interaction the baryon number is

A

Conserved

56
Q

In any particle interaction the lepton number is

A

Conserved

57
Q

In any particle interaction the strangeness number is

A

Conserved

58
Q

What do neutrinos or antineutrinos not carry

A

Charge

59
Q

What thing, that we come into contact with daily, emits millions of neutrinos passing through our eyes every second

A

The sun

60
Q

All leptons and neutrinos carry a lepton number of

A

+1

61
Q

All antileptons and antineutrinos carry a lepton number of

A

-1

62
Q

Strangeness is conserved in….

A

Nuclear reactions

63
Q

Strange quarks have a strangeness number

A

+1

64
Q

Anti strange quarks have strangeness number

A

-1

65
Q

What is wave particle duality

A

The theory that waves behave like particles and waves

66
Q

What are photons

A

They are photons of electromagnetic radiation

67
Q

What is planks constant

A

6.63 x10^-34 Js

68
Q

Equation proving waves with particle properties

A

E= hf

69
Q

Equation proving particles with wave properties

A

p= h/ wavelength

70
Q

What is the common factor between equations that proves wave particle duality

A

Planks constant

71
Q

The key property proving light behaves like a wave

A

Diffraction

The result of wave superposition

Physics AS 2 (14 decks)

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