Chapter 8: Organic Compounds

Question 1

what are three reasons why carbon can form so many different compounds

Answer 1

4 valence electrons in outer shell, potentially forming covalent bonds with four atoms

carbon atoms can for strong bonds with other carbon atoms

the covalent bonds can be single, double or triple

Question 2

how is crude oil formed

Answer 2

the heat and pressure on organic matter covered by sediment and heat causes the oils and fats to be converted into crude oil over extended periods of time

Question 3

how does a fractioning tower separate hydrocarbons

Answer 3

the hydrocarbons with a longer straight chain will stay at the bottom while the hydrocarbons with less carbons in it’s chain will go to the top

Question 4

what is meant by cracking

Answer 4

breaking down longer straight chain hydrocarbons into shorter ones using heat and a catalyst

Question 5

what is a homologous series

Answer 5

hydrocarbons that are the same but have one extra CH2 which would promote it to one higher prefix e.g methane -> ethane

Question 6

what is the main property difference when there is a difference in number of carbons in hydrocarbon

Answer 6

the boiling point will increase as the compound gets bigger as forces between atoms increases

Question 7

are alkanes saturated or unsaturated

Answer 7

saturated

Question 8

are alkenes saturated or unsaturated

Answer 8

unsaturated

Question 9

why is benzene special

Answer 9

it is more stable than other unsaturated compounds

Question 10

how do you test if a solution is saturated or unsaturated

Answer 10

you add few drops of bromine to the solution

if the orange colour stays then the solution is saturated

if the orange colour is consumed instantly then the solution is unsaturated as the bromine is consumed