Chapter 3: Electrons + Periodic Table

Question 1

what is core charge and it’s trends

Answer 1

core charge is how strongly attracted valence electrons are to the nucleus

down a group - stays the same

across a period - increases

Question 2

what is the core charge of a chlorine atom

Answer 2

17 protons and 10 inner shell electrons therefore +7

Question 3

what is meant by ionisation energy and what are it’s trends

Answer 3

If an atom is given sufficient energy the electrostatic attraction between the protons and the valence electrons can be overcome.

the amount of energy required to remove a valence electron is called ionisation energy

down a group - decreases

across a period - increases

Question 4

what is meant by metallic character

Answer 4

atoms that contain 1-4 valence electrons generally exhibit traits like metals

important: readily available to lose electrons to form cations

Question 5

what is electronegativity and it’s trends

Answer 5

the ability for atoms to attract electrons towards itself in covalent bonds

down a group - decreases

across a period - increases

*trends same as core charge

Question 6

explain the absorption spectra

Answer 6

it is created by exposing an atom to a continuous stream of every wavelength of visible light.

the atom only absorbs some wavelengths of light which have the exact amount of energy to promote the electrons to a higher state

spectrum with black lines