Chapter 8 - Mood (post midterm)

Question 1

Biological causes of mood disorders

Answer 1

family (proband) and genetics
joint heritability with anxiety
low levels of serotonin
hypothyroidism
sleep disturbances

Question 2

What are the brain structure causes for mood disorders

Answer 2

greater right-sided anterior activation

Question 3

Psychological causes of mood disorders

Answer 3

stressful life events
learned helplessness
negative cognitive styles

Question 4

What are the 3 stages of learned helplessness

Answer 4

Internal: its all my fault
Stable: it will always be my fait
Global: extends across variety

Question 5

What is the cognitive triad

Answer 5

cognitive errors in thinking negatively about themselves, immediate world and future

Question 6

Social and cultural causes of mood disorders

Answer 6

Marital dissatisfaction
more in women
lack of social support

Question 7

What is the integrative theory of mood disorders

Answer 7

specific psychosocial circumstances interact with gene vulnerabilities and characteristics

Question 8

Why do most cases of mood disorders go untreated

Answer 8

failure to recognize and correctly identify

Question 9

What are the 3 basic antidepressants

Answer 9

Tricyclic (block reuptake of neurotransmitters)
MAO inhibitors (less side effects)
SSRIS (considered first choice)

Question 10

Issues with Tricyclic

Answer 10

may feel worse and develop side effects
ineffective for mild to moderate depression
cardiac side effects

Question 11

What should be the main focus of treatment for mood

Answer 11

delay next depressive episode or prevent it

Question 12

What is the most common drugs prescribed for bipolar

Answer 12

Lithium
Valproate

Question 13

What is Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Answer 13

magnetic coil that generates localized electromagnetic pulse

Question 14

Psychosocial treatments of mood

Answer 14

cognitive therapy (recognize depressive errors and substitute with more realistic thoughts)
Interpersonal psychotherapy

Question 15

How do you prevent relapse in mood

Answer 15

maintain treatment over long term
mindfulness meditation: thoughts not actual reflections

Question 16

main goal of psychosocial treatment for bipolar

Answer 16

increase compliance with meds and regulate daily schedules (sleep, eating etc.)

Question 17

What method of suicide account for most deaths

Answer 17

suffocation or hanging

Question 18

Causes of suicide

Answer 18

family history
neurobiology (low levels of serotonin)
existing psychological disorders (more than 90%)
stressful life events (most important)

Question 19

How do you study risk factors for suicide

Answer 19

psychological autopsy: interviews with those close to figure out underlying behaviours and potential reasons

Question 20

Treatments for suicide (4)

Answer 20

no-suicide contract
immediate hospitalization
target at-risk
resolve underlying stressors and treat existing disorder

Question 21

What are the 4 past conceptions of suicide

Answer 21

Formalized: brought dishonour so impale on sword
Egoistic: loss of social supports (perceived)
Anomic: marked disruptions
Fatalistic: loss of control over destiny