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PSYC 376 - Psychopathology > Chapter 1 - Historical Context > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Historical Context Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological Disorder definition

A

psychological dysfunction within an individual that is associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally accepted

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2
Q

Phobia definition

A

psychological disorder characterized by marked and persistent fear of an object or situation

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3
Q

Psychological dysfunction

A

breakdown in cognitive, emotional or behavioural functioning

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4
Q

What is Harmful Dysfunction

A

Disorder is caused by failure of one of more mechanisms performing evolved functions

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5
Q

What is the DSM-5

A

contains current listing of criteria for disorders

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6
Q

What are the 2 main types of professionals and what do they focus on

A

Psychiatrists - emphasize clinical practice; collect info relevant to family/social

Psychologists - investigate determinants of behaviour

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7
Q

2 types of psychologists

A

Counselling - study and treat adjustment and vocational issues

Clinical - concentrate on more severe disorders

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8
Q

Difference between evidence-based practice and practice-based evidence

A

EBP is keeping up with latest findings while PBE is evaluating own work

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9
Q

3 categories of research

A

Description
Causation
Treatment and Outcomes

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10
Q

What is a clinical description

A

Unique combo of behaviours, thoughts and feelings making up disorder

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11
Q

What is the presenting problem

A

why they initially came to clinic

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12
Q

What is prevalence and lifetime prevalence

A

how many people have it. Lifetime is how many have ever had it

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13
Q

What is incidence

A

how many new cases during given period

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14
Q

3 types of course

A

Chronic - last long time
Episodic - few months but can reoccur
Time-limited - no treatment needed, short period, won’t reoccur

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15
Q

Onset types

A

acute - suddenly vs insidious - gradually over extended period

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16
Q

What is etiology

A

study of origins, why it began and its dimensions

17
Q

What were the treatments for demons and witches

A

exorcism, shaving cross in hair, tie to church to hear mass

18
Q

Treatments for stress and melancholy

A

rest, sleep, healthy environment, baths, ointments and potions

19
Q

What was Hippocrates thoughts/influence on biological tradition

A

believed disorders could be treated like physical disease and that it was located in the brain. Created Humoral theory

20
Q

What were the 4 fluids in Humoral Theory

A

Blood - heart
Black bile - spleen
Yellow bile/choler - liver
Phlegm - brain

21
Q

How did Syphillis impact psychological disorders

A

advanced syphillis led to people going “mad”. When cure was found, belief that all madness had physical cure

22
Q

How was electric shock therapy believed to work

A

Through the treatment of other diseases, found that small shocks and seizures cured the patients.

Sakel and Insulin
von Medina Schiz rare wit epilepsy
Cerletti and Bini depression

23
Q

who developed first effective drugs

A

Heinz Lehman

24
Q

What is the most widely prescribed drug

A

Benzodiazepines

25
Q

What is the psychological tradition

A

disorders attributed to faulty psychological development and social context

26
Q

What did Plato believe the 2 causes of maladaptive behaviours were

A

social and cultural influences and learning in environment

27
Q

What is moral therapy

A

Idea to treat institutionalized as normal
emphasized social interaction, individual attention and importance of relationships

28
Q

What is the mental hygine movement

A

Dorothea Dix wished to reform treatment and poor living conditions

29
Q

What did Mesmer believe

A

problem was due to animal magnetism fluid blockage

30
Q

What are the 3 structures of the mind according to Freud

A

Id - instinctual drive
Ego - realistic
Superego - conscience

31
Q

Types of defense mechanisms

A

displacement
denial
projection
rationalization
reaction formation
repression
sublimation

32
Q

What techniques did Freud use

A

Catharsis - release tension by recalling trauma
Free association - say whatever comes to mind without blocking
Dream Analysis - review contents of dream

33
Q

What is ego psychology

A

created by Anna Freud - slowly accumulate adaptive qualities in reality testing and defenses

34
Q

What is the focus of Humanistic psychology

A

potential and self-actualization

35
Q

What is systematic desensitization

A

gradually introduced to feared thing so fear declines + do something incompatible with fear

36
Q

What is the scientific method

A

belief that contributions to disorder are a combination of biopsychosocial factors

PSYC 376 - Psychopathology (11 decks)

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